El cumplimiento de las sentencias de la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos como parámetro del buen gobierno en el Estado peruano a través del indulto a Fujimori
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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El presente artículo analiza el cumplimiento de las sentencias de la Corte
Interamericana de Derechos Humanos como un criterio para evaluar el
desempeño del Estado peruano en materia de buen gobierno, poniendo especial
énfasis en el principio de corrección. A partir de un marco teórico que desarrolla
el concepto de buen gobierno, las obligaciones internacionales derivadas de la
Convención Americana sobre Derechos Humanos, el deber de investigar, juzgar
y sancionar violaciones graves, así como las medidas de reparación ordenadas
por la Corte Interamericana, se sostiene que el respeto a dichas sentencias
constituye un parámetro verificable de la presencia de un buen gobierno.
El artículo examina el indulto “humanitario” concedido a Alberto Fujimori como
un caso paradigmático de tensión entre la potestad discrecional del Estado y sus
compromisos internacionales. Se argumenta que dicho indulto vulneró el
principio de corrección al contravenir la obligación de sancionar graves
violaciones de derechos humanos ordenada en los casos Barrios Altos y La
Cantuta, afectando directamente el derecho de acceso a la justicia y a la
reparación integral de las víctimas.
Asimismo, se analizan los retrocesos normativos recientes, como la Ley N°
32107, cuya regulación sobre la aplicación y prescripción de delitos de lesa
humanidad ha sido objeto de observaciones por parte de la Corte Interamericana
en sus resoluciones. Se concluye que, tanto las decisiones políticas como las
reformas legislativas incompatibles con los estándares interamericanos debilitan
el buen gobierno, erosionan la legitimidad del Estado de Derecho y ponen en
riesgo el cumplimiento efectivo de las obligaciones internacionales asumidas por
el Perú.
This article analyzes compliance with the judgments of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights as a criterion for evaluating the performance of the Peruvian State in terms of good governance, with special emphasis on the principle of correction. Based on a theoretical framework that develops the concept of good governance, the international obligations derived from the American Convention on Human Rights, the duty to investigate, prosecute, and punish serious violations, as well as the reparations measures ordered by the Inter-American Court, it is argued that respect for these judgments constitutes a verifiable parameter of good governance. The article examines the “humanitarian” pardon granted to Alberto Fujimori as a paradigmatic case of tension between the discretionary power of the State and its international commitments. It argues that this pardon violated the principle of justice by contravening the obligation to punish serious human rights violations ordered in the Barrios Altos and La Cantuta cases, directly affecting the victims' right to access to justice and comprehensive reparation. It also analyzes recent regulatory setbacks, such as Law No. 32107, whose regulations on the application and statute of limitations for crimes against humanity have been the subject of observations by the Inter-American Court in its resolutions. It concludes that both political decisions and legislative reforms that are incompatible with inter-American standards weaken good governance, erode the legitimacy of the rule of law, and jeopardize the effective fulfillment of Peru's international obligations.
This article analyzes compliance with the judgments of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights as a criterion for evaluating the performance of the Peruvian State in terms of good governance, with special emphasis on the principle of correction. Based on a theoretical framework that develops the concept of good governance, the international obligations derived from the American Convention on Human Rights, the duty to investigate, prosecute, and punish serious violations, as well as the reparations measures ordered by the Inter-American Court, it is argued that respect for these judgments constitutes a verifiable parameter of good governance. The article examines the “humanitarian” pardon granted to Alberto Fujimori as a paradigmatic case of tension between the discretionary power of the State and its international commitments. It argues that this pardon violated the principle of justice by contravening the obligation to punish serious human rights violations ordered in the Barrios Altos and La Cantuta cases, directly affecting the victims' right to access to justice and comprehensive reparation. It also analyzes recent regulatory setbacks, such as Law No. 32107, whose regulations on the application and statute of limitations for crimes against humanity have been the subject of observations by the Inter-American Court in its resolutions. It concludes that both political decisions and legislative reforms that are incompatible with inter-American standards weaken good governance, erode the legitimacy of the rule of law, and jeopardize the effective fulfillment of Peru's international obligations.
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Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos--Jurisprudencia, Administración pública--Perú, Derechos humanos, Indulto--Perú