Investigaciones arqueológicas en el sitio de El Zapotal, Loreto-Perú
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2020-01-27
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
Esta tesis desarrolla una evaluación crítica teniendo como base los antecedentes de las
investigaciones de los trabajos arqueológicos realizados en la amazonia. Enfatiza los principales
problemas de carácter geográfico-cultural, la cronología, el tamaño de los asentamientos y la falta
de interpretación social de los datos, para iniciar luego las investigaciones arqueológicas en el sitio
El Zapotal, ubicado entre las cuencas de los ríos Marañón y Ucayali, hoy Reserva Nacional del
Pacaya-Samiria en Loreto-Perú.
Nos proponemos como objetivos, dar cuenta de: a) La ubicación espacio-temporal del sitio, b) El
tamaño del asentamiento y c) La interpretación social de los artefactos encontrados en contextos
funerarios. Para ello utilizamos la teoría que estamos llamando “Arqueología Viva”, así
interpretamos la presencia de ánforas funerarias vinculadas al concepto sobre la muerte, la
presencia de cráneos deformados culturalmente con el problema de identidad del grupo social y
en base a la presencia de los artefactos llamados “Shibinantis” por los nativos, el ritual de la
circuncisión de las niñas, como rito de pasaje para convertirse en mujeres aptas para el
matrimonio, en una gran ceremonia festiva llamada “Anishati”.
PALABRAS CLAVES: Evaluación critica, Arqueología Amazónica, El Zapotal, Cronología, Tamaño,
Arqueología Viva, La identidad, La muerte y Ritos de pasaje.
This thesis develops a critical evaluation based on the background of the investigations of the archaeological works carried out in the Amazon. It emphasizes the main geographic-cultural problems, the chronology, the size of the settlements and the lack of social interpretation of the data, to initiate the archaeological investigations at the El Zapotal site, located between the basins of the Marañón and Ucayali Rivers, today National Reserve of Pacaya-Samiria in Loreto-Peru. 10 We propose as objectives let to know: a) The space-time location of the site, b) The size of the settlement and c) The social interpretation of artifacts found in funerary contexts. For this we use the theory that we are calling "Living Archeology". In this way we interpret the presence of funerary amphorae linked to the concept of death, the presence of culturally deformed skull with the problem of the identity of the social group and based on the presence of the artifacts called "Shibinantis" by the natives, the ritual of the circumcision of the girls, as the rite of the passage to become women suitable for marriage, and in a great festive ceremony called "Anishati". KEY WORDS: Critical evaluation, Amazonian Archeology, El Zapotal, Chronology, Size, Living Archeology, Identity, Death and Rites of passage.
This thesis develops a critical evaluation based on the background of the investigations of the archaeological works carried out in the Amazon. It emphasizes the main geographic-cultural problems, the chronology, the size of the settlements and the lack of social interpretation of the data, to initiate the archaeological investigations at the El Zapotal site, located between the basins of the Marañón and Ucayali Rivers, today National Reserve of Pacaya-Samiria in Loreto-Peru. 10 We propose as objectives let to know: a) The space-time location of the site, b) The size of the settlement and c) The social interpretation of artifacts found in funerary contexts. For this we use the theory that we are calling "Living Archeology". In this way we interpret the presence of funerary amphorae linked to the concept of death, the presence of culturally deformed skull with the problem of the identity of the social group and based on the presence of the artifacts called "Shibinantis" by the natives, the ritual of the circumcision of the girls, as the rite of the passage to become women suitable for marriage, and in a great festive ceremony called "Anishati". KEY WORDS: Critical evaluation, Amazonian Archeology, El Zapotal, Chronology, Size, Living Archeology, Identity, Death and Rites of passage.
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Keywords
Amazonia, Región--Restos arqueológicos, Arqueología--Perú--Loreto, Reserva Nacional Pacaya-Samiria (Perú)--Restos arqueológicos, Shipibos--Ritos y ceremonias, Ritos de iniciación--Perú--Amazonia, Región, Etnología--Perú--Loreto--Historia, Mujeres--Perú--Loreto--Condiciones sociales, Loreto--Restos arqueológicos
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