Terapia a través del arte usando el modelo de estudio abierto con un grupo de estudiantes de psicología
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2016-02-29
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
Mindfulness es conceptualizado, basado en la Escala de Mindfulness de Toronto (EMT) como un concepto de dos dimensiones que incluye la sintonía a la experiencia
del momento presente con una actitud de apertura, curiosidad y no‐juicio. La presente investigación es un esfuerzo para estandarizar un método que promueva el mindfulness en la terapia a través del arte. El Proyecto de Estudio Abierto (PEA) ha
sido adaptado de acuerdo a las prácticas de meditación de mindfulness para promover y aumentar el mindfulness como un estado, y para analizar la cualidad de la
experiencia en un grupo de estudiantes de psicología de una universidad de Lima que
asistieron a cuatro sesiones de terapia a través del arte.. La Escala de Mindfulness de
Toronto (EMT) se usó para medir el mindfulness como un estado que puede aumentar
del pre‐test (sesión uno) al post test (sesión cuatro) y a través de las sesiones. También se incluyó un cuestionario cualitativo que apuntaba a entender la atención a
la experiencia de hacer arte. Los resultados a nivel estadístico para La EMT incluyendo
sus factores indican que sólo se encontró diferencias significativas entre el pre test y
el post test (T‐Student t(12)=‐2.81, p<.05) y a través de las sesiones para el factor de
descentramiento (Anova de Medidas Repetidas, F=4.85, p=.05). Tomando como referencia también los resultados descriptivos, se sugiere que la terapia a través del arte usando el PEA funcionó como una meditación de concentración para un grupo de
los participantes y para el otro grupo como una meditación de mindfulness.
Las limitaciones y sugerencias son incluidas para futuros estudios.
Mindfulness is conceptualized, based on the Toronto Mindfulness Scale (TMS), as a twodimensional concept that includes attunement to the present experience with an attitude of openness, curiosity and non-judgment. The current study is an effort towards a standardized method that promotes mindfulness in art therapy. The Open Studio Project (OSP) has been adapted according to mindfulness meditation practices to enhance mindfulness as a state and to analyze the quality of the experience in a group of psychology students from a university in Lima who assisted to four art therapy sessions. The Toronto Mindfulness Scale (TMS) was used to measure mindfulness as a state, that could increase from pre-test (session one) to post-test (session four) and through the sessions. A qualitative questionnaire was included to understand their focus and attention to the experience of making art. The TMS statistical results indicate that there were only significant differences between the pre-test and the post-test (T-Student t(12)=-2.81, p<.05) and through the sessions for the decentering factor (Repeated Measures Anova, F=4.85, p=.05). Taking into account the descriptive results as well, it is suggested that art therapy using the OSP worked as concentration meditation for a group of the participants and as a mindfulness meditation for the other. Limitations and suggestions for further studies are included.
Mindfulness is conceptualized, based on the Toronto Mindfulness Scale (TMS), as a twodimensional concept that includes attunement to the present experience with an attitude of openness, curiosity and non-judgment. The current study is an effort towards a standardized method that promotes mindfulness in art therapy. The Open Studio Project (OSP) has been adapted according to mindfulness meditation practices to enhance mindfulness as a state and to analyze the quality of the experience in a group of psychology students from a university in Lima who assisted to four art therapy sessions. The Toronto Mindfulness Scale (TMS) was used to measure mindfulness as a state, that could increase from pre-test (session one) to post-test (session four) and through the sessions. A qualitative questionnaire was included to understand their focus and attention to the experience of making art. The TMS statistical results indicate that there were only significant differences between the pre-test and the post-test (T-Student t(12)=-2.81, p<.05) and through the sessions for the decentering factor (Repeated Measures Anova, F=4.85, p=.05). Taking into account the descriptive results as well, it is suggested that art therapy using the OSP worked as concentration meditation for a group of the participants and as a mindfulness meditation for the other. Limitations and suggestions for further studies are included.
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Arte--Terapia., Estudiantes universitarios--Investigaciones.
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