La discrecionalidad del área usuaria en el Ministerio de Salud en las contrataciones directas por situaciones de emergencia y el respeto del principio de integridad
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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La Constitución Política del Perú de 1993 establece derechos y obligaciones de los ciudadanos
peruanos, velando por el bienestar social, el respeto y cumplimiento de sus derechos
fundamentales, así mismo, señala los principios generales del derecho con la finalidad de
proporcionar una base sólida para guiar la normativa y comportamiento dentro de un sistema.
Conjuntamente, la Ley N° 27444, Ley de Procedimiento Administrativo General establece
normas para las actuaciones de la Función administrativa del Estado, regula todos los
procedimientos administrativos que serán desarrollados en las entidades estatales con la
finalidad de proteger el interés general garantizando derechos e intereses de los administrados
sirviendo esta como base para la elaboración de otras normas de otros ámbitos de aplicación.
En la presente investigación se analizará el procedimiento de contratación directa por situación
de emergencia establecido en la actual Ley N°30225, Ley de Contrataciones y su reglamento.
Dado que durante la crisis sanitaria del COVID-19, el gobierno peruano adoptó medidas
excepcionales, entre ellas, la contratación directa de bienes y servicios para enfrentar la
emergencia sanitaria. Gracias a los medios de comunicación y a las páginas de transparencia
del estado se puso de manifiesto la necesidad de analizar la aplicación de los principios de la
que rigen la contratación pública que se llevaron a cabo en los procesos de contratación.
La emergencia sanitaria, involucro la actuación de distintos ámbitos tales como educación,
transportes, pero en especial en el sector salud. Es así que, la Ley N° 26842, Ley General de
Salud, establece que la protección de la salud es una responsabilidad irrenunciable del Estado.
En este sentido, se autorizó la contratación directa por emergencia para garantizar la
continuidad de los servicios. Sin embargo, la aplicación de esta norma en situaciones de
emergencia presentó cuestionamientos respecto a la discrecionalidad de los servidores públicos
y la correcta aplicación de los principios de transparencia e integridad.
Este trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar la relación entre la discrecionalidad de los servidores
públicos y el principio de integridad en las contrataciones directas del Estado, enfocándose en
las contrataciones realizadas por el MINSA durante la emergencia sanitaria. Se revisan
informes de control posterior emitidos por la Contraloría General de la República, que
identificaron irregularidades en el proceso de contratación directa, afectando la correcta
aplicación de los principios de la administración pública.
La investigación se estructura en tres capítulos: el primero ofrece un marco teórico general
sobre las contrataciones del Estado, explicando el marco normativo; el segundo capítulo sobre
las contrataciones directas en situación de emergencia, esta se desglosa en distintos análisis
como el derecho comparado con Chile y Colombia, así como el análisis de 14 informes de
control sobre las contrataciones directas por situación de emergencia realizadas por el MINSA
en los años 2021, 2022 y 2023, evaluando la aplicación del principio de integridad y la
discrecionalidad de los servidores públicos en los procesos de contratación; y el tercer capítulo
análisis de la contratación directa por situación de emergencia, abordando los beneficios que
la nueva Ley N° 32069 de Contrataciones del Estado podría aportar para mejorar la
transparencia y la gestión pública, especialmente en tiempos de emergencia.
Este estudio pretende contribuir a la reflexión sobre la importancia de fortalecer los principios
de integridad y transparencia en la contratación pública, asegurando que las decisiones tomadas
durante las emergencias sean más responsables y alineadas con los intereses del Estado y la
ciudadanía.
The 1993 Political Constitution of Peru establishes the rights and obligations of Peruvian citizens, ensuring social well-being, respect, and compliance with their fundamental rights. It also outlines the general principles of law to provide a solid foundation to guide regulation and behavior within a system. In conjunction, Law No. 27444, the General Administrative Procedure Law, sets standards for the actions of the State's administrative function, regulating all administrative procedures to be carried out in state entities in order to protect the general interest, ensuring the rights and interests of those served, and serving as the basis for the development of other regulations in different areas of application. This research will analyze the direct contracting procedure for emergency situations established in the current Law No. 30225, the Procurement Law, and its regulations. During the COVID-19 health crisis, the Peruvian government adopted exceptional measures, including the direct contracting of goods and services to address the health emergency. Thanks to the media and the state’s transparency pages, the need to analyze the application of the principles governing public procurement processes became evident. The health emergency involved various sectors, such as education and transportation, but particularly the health sector. Thus, Law No. 26842, the General Health Law, establishes that protecting health is an inalienable responsibility of the State. In this regard, direct contracting due to the emergency was authorized to ensure the continuity of services. However, the application of this law in emergency situations raised concerns regarding the discretion of public officials and the proper application of the principles of transparency and integrity. This study aims to analyze the relationship between the discretion of public officials and the principle of integrity in the state’s direct contracting, focusing on contracts made by the Ministry of Health (MINSA) during the health emergency. It reviews subsequent control reports issued by the Comptroller General of the Republic, which identified irregularities in the direct contracting process, affecting the proper application of public administration principles. The research is structured in three chapters: the first provides a general theoretical framework on state contracting, explaining the regulatory framework; the second chapter covers direct contracting in emergency situations, which is broken down into various analyses, such as comparative law with Chile and Colombia, as well as an analysis of 14 control reports on direct emergency contracts made by MINSA in 2021, 2022, and 2023, evaluating the application of the integrity principle and the discretion of public officials in the contracting processes; and the third chapter analyzes direct contracting in emergency situations, addressing the benefits that the new Law No. 32069 on State Procurement could bring to improve transparency and public management, especially in times of emergency. This study aims to contribute to reflection on the importance of strengthening the principles of integrity and transparency in public procurement, ensuring that decisions made during emergencies are more responsible and aligned with the interests of the State and citizens.
The 1993 Political Constitution of Peru establishes the rights and obligations of Peruvian citizens, ensuring social well-being, respect, and compliance with their fundamental rights. It also outlines the general principles of law to provide a solid foundation to guide regulation and behavior within a system. In conjunction, Law No. 27444, the General Administrative Procedure Law, sets standards for the actions of the State's administrative function, regulating all administrative procedures to be carried out in state entities in order to protect the general interest, ensuring the rights and interests of those served, and serving as the basis for the development of other regulations in different areas of application. This research will analyze the direct contracting procedure for emergency situations established in the current Law No. 30225, the Procurement Law, and its regulations. During the COVID-19 health crisis, the Peruvian government adopted exceptional measures, including the direct contracting of goods and services to address the health emergency. Thanks to the media and the state’s transparency pages, the need to analyze the application of the principles governing public procurement processes became evident. The health emergency involved various sectors, such as education and transportation, but particularly the health sector. Thus, Law No. 26842, the General Health Law, establishes that protecting health is an inalienable responsibility of the State. In this regard, direct contracting due to the emergency was authorized to ensure the continuity of services. However, the application of this law in emergency situations raised concerns regarding the discretion of public officials and the proper application of the principles of transparency and integrity. This study aims to analyze the relationship between the discretion of public officials and the principle of integrity in the state’s direct contracting, focusing on contracts made by the Ministry of Health (MINSA) during the health emergency. It reviews subsequent control reports issued by the Comptroller General of the Republic, which identified irregularities in the direct contracting process, affecting the proper application of public administration principles. The research is structured in three chapters: the first provides a general theoretical framework on state contracting, explaining the regulatory framework; the second chapter covers direct contracting in emergency situations, which is broken down into various analyses, such as comparative law with Chile and Colombia, as well as an analysis of 14 control reports on direct emergency contracts made by MINSA in 2021, 2022, and 2023, evaluating the application of the integrity principle and the discretion of public officials in the contracting processes; and the third chapter analyzes direct contracting in emergency situations, addressing the benefits that the new Law No. 32069 on State Procurement could bring to improve transparency and public management, especially in times of emergency. This study aims to contribute to reflection on the importance of strengthening the principles of integrity and transparency in public procurement, ensuring that decisions made during emergencies are more responsible and aligned with the interests of the State and citizens.
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Contratos de trabajo--Legislación--Perú, Pandemia de COVID-19, 2020---Aspectos legales--Perú, Procedimiento administrativo--Legislación--Perú
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