Percepciones docentes sobre la comprensión de lectura
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2016-03-10
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
Este estudio tuvo como objetivo conocer las percepciones docentes sobre el proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje de la comprensión lectora en el marco de la implementación de un programa de lectura. Por un lado, se buscó conocer sus percepciones sobre las condiciones que dificultan el desarrollo de la lectura y, por otro, describir sus percepciones respecto a las condiciones que han contribuido a mejorar la comprensión de lectura de los alumnos. Partiendo de un enfoque cualitativo, se realizaron entrevistas y observaciones de aula a seis docentes de dos escuelas públicas de Lima Metropolitana. Complementariamente, se realizaron entrevistas a las dos subdirectoras de las escuelas. Los hallazgos indican que los docentes de una escuela tienen percepciones más elaboradas sobre la lectura y muestran mayor claridad y coherencia entre sus percepciones y sus prácticas pedagógicas. No obstante, casi el total de docentes coinciden en identificar un punto de quiebre en la enseñanza de la lectura que tiene lugar con el desarrollo de estrategias de lectura. Estas son descritas por los participantes como pautas que van a guiar a los alumnos en el proceso lector y que van a permitir que mejoren su comprensión. El grupo de docentes menciona la falta del hábito de lectura y el poco apoyo de los padres como factores que dificultan el proceso de enseñanza de la lectura. Finalmente, como factores facilitadores, identifican algunos elementos del programa tales como la calidad de los materiales y capacitaciones brindadas así como las relaciones interpersonales establecidas con los promotores del programa.
The aim of this study was to identify teachers’ perceptions about reading comprehension in the context of a reading program implementation. On the one hand, this research seeks to identify teachers’ perceptions about the conditions that contribute to reading comprehension improvement. On the other hand, it looks for the conditions that make reading comprehension difficult. This qualitative research consisted of classroom observations and interviews to 6 teachers and 2 principals of two public schools in Lima Metropolitana to collect information about theirs perceptions. The findings indicated that in one school teachers have more elaborated perceptions about reading than in the other school, and show more clarity and coherence between their perceptions and teaching practices. Nevertheless, most of the teachers agree to identify teaching of reading strategies as a breaking point in reading comprehension teaching. The strategies are described as guidelines that direct students in the reading process contributing to reading improvement. Teachers claimed that lack of reading habits and the absence of parental support are factors that make teaching of reading comprehension difficult. Finally, as the factors that contribute to improve reading comprehension, they identify some program components like the quality of the materials, training characteristics as well as the good treatment given.
The aim of this study was to identify teachers’ perceptions about reading comprehension in the context of a reading program implementation. On the one hand, this research seeks to identify teachers’ perceptions about the conditions that contribute to reading comprehension improvement. On the other hand, it looks for the conditions that make reading comprehension difficult. This qualitative research consisted of classroom observations and interviews to 6 teachers and 2 principals of two public schools in Lima Metropolitana to collect information about theirs perceptions. The findings indicated that in one school teachers have more elaborated perceptions about reading than in the other school, and show more clarity and coherence between their perceptions and teaching practices. Nevertheless, most of the teachers agree to identify teaching of reading strategies as a breaking point in reading comprehension teaching. The strategies are described as guidelines that direct students in the reading process contributing to reading improvement. Teachers claimed that lack of reading habits and the absence of parental support are factors that make teaching of reading comprehension difficult. Finally, as the factors that contribute to improve reading comprehension, they identify some program components like the quality of the materials, training characteristics as well as the good treatment given.
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Comprensión de lectura, Percepción, Personal docente--Aspectos psicológicos
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