El interés procesal en debate: naturaleza, control y efectos sobre el pronunciamiento de fondo
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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El presente trabajo analiza el interés procesal como presupuesto de validez de
la relación jurídica procesal y examina su incidencia en la posibilidad de dictar
una sentencia inhibitoria en la etapa decisoria. En primer lugar, se cuestiona la
tradicional ubicación del interés procesal dentro de las “condiciones de la acción”,
mostrando que dicha categoría resulta teóricamente obsoleta y funcionalmente
equivocada. Posteriormente, se realiza un análisis doctrinal y normativo de esta
institución, adoptándose la concepción moderna propuesta por Francesco Luiso,
que distingue entre el interés-utilidad y el interés-necesidad.
En segundo lugar, se sitúa al interés procesal como un presupuesto procesal que
configura la validez de la relación jurídica procesal. Seguidamente, se analiza la
vinculación entre el interés procesal como presupuesto procesal y el control de
validez de la relación jurídica procesal en dos momentos clave: la calificación de
la demanda y el saneamiento procesal. Se muestra cómo este último, inspirado
en el despacho saneador portugués y brasileño, cumple una función depuradora
orientada a garantizar que el proceso avance hacia un pronunciamiento de
mérito.
Finalmente, se evalúa el alcance del artículo 121 del Código Procesal Civil,
defendiendo que, una vez emitido y consentido el auto de saneamiento, el juez
debe preferir siempre resolver el fondo, quedando la sentencia inhibitoria
reservada a supuestos estrictamente excepcionales. Con ello, se garantiza la
seguridad jurídica y se preservan los principios de celeridad, economía procesal
y tutela jurisdiccional efectiva.
This paper analyzes the procedural interest as a requirement for the validity of the procedural legal relationship and examines its impact on the possibility of issuing an inhibitory judgment at the decisional stage. First, it challenges the traditional classification of procedural interest within the so-called “conditions of the action,” demonstrating that such a category is theoretically obsolete and functionally misguided. It then undertakes a doctrinal and normative analysis of this institution, adopting the modern framework proposed by Francesco Luiso, which distinguishes between interest-utility and interest-necessity. Second, the paper situates procedural interest as a procedural requirement that shapes the validity of the procedural legal relationship. It subsequently analyzes the connection between procedural interest, as a procedural requirement, and the validity control of the procedural legal relationship at two key stages: the initial screening of the complaint and the procedural cleansing stage (saneamiento procesal). The study shows how the latter, drawing inspiration from the Portuguese and Brazilian despacho saneador, serves a purging function aimed at ensuring that the process advances toward a decision on the merits. Finally, the paper evaluates the scope of Article 121 of the Peruvian Code of Civil Procedure, arguing that once the cleansing order has been issued and has become final, the judge should always prefer a decision on the merits, leaving inhibitory judgments for strictly exceptional cases. This approach safeguards legal certainty and upholds the principles of procedural celerity, procedural economy, and effective judicial protection.
This paper analyzes the procedural interest as a requirement for the validity of the procedural legal relationship and examines its impact on the possibility of issuing an inhibitory judgment at the decisional stage. First, it challenges the traditional classification of procedural interest within the so-called “conditions of the action,” demonstrating that such a category is theoretically obsolete and functionally misguided. It then undertakes a doctrinal and normative analysis of this institution, adopting the modern framework proposed by Francesco Luiso, which distinguishes between interest-utility and interest-necessity. Second, the paper situates procedural interest as a procedural requirement that shapes the validity of the procedural legal relationship. It subsequently analyzes the connection between procedural interest, as a procedural requirement, and the validity control of the procedural legal relationship at two key stages: the initial screening of the complaint and the procedural cleansing stage (saneamiento procesal). The study shows how the latter, drawing inspiration from the Portuguese and Brazilian despacho saneador, serves a purging function aimed at ensuring that the process advances toward a decision on the merits. Finally, the paper evaluates the scope of Article 121 of the Peruvian Code of Civil Procedure, arguing that once the cleansing order has been issued and has become final, the judge should always prefer a decision on the merits, leaving inhibitory judgments for strictly exceptional cases. This approach safeguards legal certainty and upholds the principles of procedural celerity, procedural economy, and effective judicial protection.
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Derecho procesal civil--Legislación--Perú, Procedimiento civil--Perú, Sentencias
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item.page.endorsement
item.page.review
item.page.supplemented
item.page.referenced
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