Responsabilidad económica por adeudos laborales en los grupos empresariales: alcance y límites frente a la falta de vinculación laboral directa
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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Resumen
El presente artículo analiza los fundamentos constitucionales, normativos,
jurisprudenciales y prácticos que permiten la extensión de la responsabilidad económica
por adeudos laborales a todas las empresas que integran un grupo empresarial, aun
cuando el trabajador no haya prestado servicios directos o circulado por cada una de
ellas. A través de una revisión dogmática y de campo, mediante entrevistas a
magistrados de la Corte Superior de Justicia de La Libertad, se evidencia que el criterio
estructural conocido como “teoría del beneficio común” y la interpretación sistemática
de los principios de primacía de la realidad, protección y tutela jurisdiccional efectiva
constituyen bases suficientes para imputar solidaridad laboral como mecanismo de
eficacia de los derechos constitucionales del trabajo. Asimismo, se identifican tres
posturas judiciales vigentes—amplia, condicionada al fraude y restrictiva contractual—y
se concluye que la falta de regulación expresa no configura un vacío, sino un campo de
integración jurisprudencial que exige uniformidad interpretativa. El análisis permite
sostener la viabilidad jurídica y constitucional de la extensión solidaria, orientada a
garantizar el pago efectivo de los créditos laborales frente a estructuras empresariales
complejas.
This article examines the constitutional, normative, jurisprudential and practical foundations that allow the extension of joint liability for unpaid labor debts to all companies forming a corporate group, even when the employee has not rendered services or circulated through each of them. Through doctrinal analysis and field research based on interviews with labor judges from the Superior Court of La Libertad, the study demonstrates that the structural criterion known as the Shared Economic Benefit Theory, together with the systematic interpretation of the principles of Primacy of Reality, Labor Protection and Effective Judicial Protection, provide sufficient grounds to extend joint liability as a mechanism for ensuring the effectiveness of constitutional labor rights. The research identifies three current judicial approaches—broad, fraudconditioned, and contractual-restrictive—and concludes that the absence of an explicit statutory provision does not constitute a legal vacuum but a field of jurisprudential integration requiring interpretive uniformity. The findings support the legal and constitutional feasibility of extending joint liability to secure effective payment of labor debts within complex corporate structures.
This article examines the constitutional, normative, jurisprudential and practical foundations that allow the extension of joint liability for unpaid labor debts to all companies forming a corporate group, even when the employee has not rendered services or circulated through each of them. Through doctrinal analysis and field research based on interviews with labor judges from the Superior Court of La Libertad, the study demonstrates that the structural criterion known as the Shared Economic Benefit Theory, together with the systematic interpretation of the principles of Primacy of Reality, Labor Protection and Effective Judicial Protection, provide sufficient grounds to extend joint liability as a mechanism for ensuring the effectiveness of constitutional labor rights. The research identifies three current judicial approaches—broad, fraudconditioned, and contractual-restrictive—and concludes that the absence of an explicit statutory provision does not constitute a legal vacuum but a field of jurisprudential integration requiring interpretive uniformity. The findings support the legal and constitutional feasibility of extending joint liability to secure effective payment of labor debts within complex corporate structures.
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Derecho laboral--Legislación--Perú, Derecho laboral--Jurisprudencia--Perú--La Libertad, Responsabilidad social de las empresas--Perú--La Libertad, Derecho comparado--Jurisprudencia--Perú
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