Socialización, interacción y estrategias de afrontamiento en la vida cotidiana del establecimiento penitenciario del Callao. Personas privadas de libertad, internos primarios y reincidentes
Date
2024-02-22
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
La presente investigación tiene como objetivo describir y analizar los procesos de
socialización, interacción y estrategias de afrontamiento en la vida cotidiana de personas
privadas de libertad, internos primarios y reincidentes del Establecimiento penitenciario
del Callao.
Apelando a una metodología cualitativa (entrevista de preguntas abiertas, sobre
situación, comportamiento, entorno, aptitud y el estudio etnográfico); y Apelando al
apoyo de una guía de encuestas abiertas de metodología cuantitativa (cuestionario de
preguntas abiertas y respuestas múltiples), debido a las dificultades que mostraban los
internos de temor y desconfianza, para poder obtener una información necesaria desde
la percepción y punto vista del interno, contrastado con el del funcionario del Instituto
Nacional Penitenciario (INPE). Para ello se tomó una muestra de cuestionario a 60
internos del pabellón de mínima seguridad y se entrevistó a 20 (veinte) funcionarios del
INPE que trabajan en el penal Sarita Colonia del Callao.
Los resultados obtenidos muestran que los internos primarios y reincidentes para poder
adecuarse al contexto carcelario emplean las estrategias de afrontamiento emocionales,
cognitivas y conductuales, dentro del proceso de socialización, interacción, para su
adaptación ante dos subculturas carcelarias existentes: la formal y la informal. En el
proceso de socialización e interacción, de los presos primarios y reincidentes intervienen
varias variables importantes como: los amigos de la celda y pabellón; la familia y el
soporte social que dispone; la religión y su participación en grupos religiosos al interior
del penal; la participación en talleres educativos, productivos y recreativos que
promueve la propia institución carcelaria; y, finalmente, la aceptación de las reglas y
normas del INPE.
Así mismo se encontró que dentro del contexto carcelario el interno tiene que afrontar
diferente experiencia, alejada de su libertad; lo que lo obliga aplicar dentro de su proceso
de socialización la teoría de afrontamiento a un contexto carcelario dentro de su vida
cotidiana.
The present research aims to describe and analyze the process of socialization, interaction and coping strategies of a prisson inmmate and his daily life inside the penentitiary. This work is based on first offenders and recidivist of the Callao Penitentiary establishment. Appealing to a qualitative (open questions interviews, behavior environment, aptitude and ethnographic analysis); and quantitative methodology (open-ended questionnaire and multiple answers), the point of view of the inmate, contrasted with that of the official of the National Penitentiary Institute (INPE), was analyzed. To this end, a questionnaire sample was taken from 60 inmates of the minimum-security wing and twenty (20) INPE officials working in the Sarita Colonia del Callao prison were interviewed. The results obtained show that primary and recidivist inmates in order to adapt to the prison life use emotional, cognitive and behavioral coping strategies, within the process of socialization, interaction, for their adaptation to two existing prison subcultures: formal and informal. In the process of socialization and interaction, several important variables intervene in the process of socialization and interaction, such as: the friends of the cell and ward; the family and the social support available to it; religion and participation in religious groups inside the prison; participation in educational, productive and recreational workshops promoted by the prison institution itself; and, finally, acceptance of INPE rules and norms. It was found that within the prison environment the inmate has to face different life experiences, far from his freedom; which force him to apply his socialization process of theory of coping to a prison context within his daily life.
The present research aims to describe and analyze the process of socialization, interaction and coping strategies of a prisson inmmate and his daily life inside the penentitiary. This work is based on first offenders and recidivist of the Callao Penitentiary establishment. Appealing to a qualitative (open questions interviews, behavior environment, aptitude and ethnographic analysis); and quantitative methodology (open-ended questionnaire and multiple answers), the point of view of the inmate, contrasted with that of the official of the National Penitentiary Institute (INPE), was analyzed. To this end, a questionnaire sample was taken from 60 inmates of the minimum-security wing and twenty (20) INPE officials working in the Sarita Colonia del Callao prison were interviewed. The results obtained show that primary and recidivist inmates in order to adapt to the prison life use emotional, cognitive and behavioral coping strategies, within the process of socialization, interaction, for their adaptation to two existing prison subcultures: formal and informal. In the process of socialization and interaction, several important variables intervene in the process of socialization and interaction, such as: the friends of the cell and ward; the family and the social support available to it; religion and participation in religious groups inside the prison; participation in educational, productive and recreational workshops promoted by the prison institution itself; and, finally, acceptance of INPE rules and norms. It was found that within the prison environment the inmate has to face different life experiences, far from his freedom; which force him to apply his socialization process of theory of coping to a prison context within his daily life.
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Keywords
Psicología del prisionero--Perú--Callao (Provincia Constitucional), Adaptación social--Perú--Callao (Provincia Constitucional), Relaciones interpersonales--Perú--Callao (Provincia Constitucional)
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