Ir a la escuela antes y durante la pandemia: Experiencias subjetivas de la cultura escolar y el aprendizaje presencial y a distancia de adolescentes de una escuela pública en Lima
Date
2023-03-01
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo explorar las experiencias subjetivas de la educación a
distancia en contraste con la presencial a partir de las visiones y valoraciones de la cultura escolar y
el aprendizaje en estudiantes de 4to de secundaria de una escuela pública de Lima Metropolitana.
Para ello, se utilizó un abordaje cualitativo y un diseño de análisis temático desde un marco
epistemológico fenomenológico, y se realizaron entrevistas semi-estructuradas con ocho
estudiantes. Los resultados indicaron que, las experiencias de la educación a distancia en contexto
de pandemia se ven influenciadas por factores como problemas de acceso a TIC, y en algunos casos,
el trabajo remunerado. Con respecto a la cultura escolar, aspectos como las creencias del propósito
de la escuela, las visiones sobre las relaciones, la disciplina escolar y la enseñanza, se replican desde
las visiones y experiencias de la educación presencial. Esto evidencia la rigidez de la cultura escolar,
la cual continúa siendo autoritaria, transmisionista y jerarquizada. Además, las y los adolescentes
participantes reportan que es más difícil aprender a distancia, debido a que la calidad de la enseñanza
y retroalimentación es baja, hay menor exigencia académica, e interactúan menos con sus docentes
y pares durante las clases. En conclusión, las y los estudiantes reportan preferir la educación
presencial, principalmente debido a que hay mayor interacción con pares y docentes, y perciben que
aprenden más.
The present study aims to explore the experiences of schooling in distance learning in contrast to in person education in 4th year secondary school students from a public school in Lima Metropolitana. For this purpose, a qualitative methodology, phenomenological epistemological framework and thematic analysis design were used, and semi-structured interviews were carried out with eight students. Results show that the experiences of distance education in the context of a pandemic are influenced by factors such as problems of access to ICT, and in some cases, paid work. Regarding school culture, aspects such as beliefs about the purpose of the school, visions about relationships, school discipline and teaching, are replicated from face-to-face education. This shows the resistance to change of the school culture, which continues to be authoritarian, transmissionist and hierarchical. In addition, participants report that it is more difficult to learn in distance education, because of the lower quality of teaching and feedback, there is less academic demand, and they interact less with their teachers and peers during classes. In conclusion, students report preferring face-to-face education, mainly because there is greater interaction with peers and teachers, and because they perceive that they can learn more.
The present study aims to explore the experiences of schooling in distance learning in contrast to in person education in 4th year secondary school students from a public school in Lima Metropolitana. For this purpose, a qualitative methodology, phenomenological epistemological framework and thematic analysis design were used, and semi-structured interviews were carried out with eight students. Results show that the experiences of distance education in the context of a pandemic are influenced by factors such as problems of access to ICT, and in some cases, paid work. Regarding school culture, aspects such as beliefs about the purpose of the school, visions about relationships, school discipline and teaching, are replicated from face-to-face education. This shows the resistance to change of the school culture, which continues to be authoritarian, transmissionist and hierarchical. In addition, participants report that it is more difficult to learn in distance education, because of the lower quality of teaching and feedback, there is less academic demand, and they interact less with their teachers and peers during classes. In conclusion, students report preferring face-to-face education, mainly because there is greater interaction with peers and teachers, and because they perceive that they can learn more.
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Adolescencia, Aprendizaje escolar, Cultura escolar, Educación a distancia, COVID-19 (Enfermedad)--Aspectos psicológicos
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