Sexismo ambivalente y satisfacción de pareja: un análisis desde las expectativas parentales y la organización de la vida familiar
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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Resumen
La presente investigación tiene por objetivo explorar el sexismo ambivalente y la satisfacción
de pareja en las expectativas parentales y en la vida de la familia en una muestra de cuatro
hombres y seis mujeres de Lima Metropolitana entre 35 y 45 años de edad que forman parte de
grupos familiares con hijos e hijas. Para ello se realizó un estudio cualitativo con un diseño de
análisis temático en el cual, mediante entrevistas semiestructuradas, se buscó conocer sus ideas
acerca de las diferencias entre hombres y mujeres; la satisfacción en la relación de pareja; y sus
expectativas sobre hijos e hijas y sobre la crianza. Como resultado se encontraron evidencias
de que, si bien hay una gran noción acerca de la relevancia de la equidad de género en las
relaciones de pareja y en la formación de la familia, se dan algunas contradicciones en sus
prácticas y sus expectativas. En ese sentido se destacan algunas experiencias que se relacionan
con las ideas de la teoría del sexismo benevolente de Glick y Fiske (1996) en la construcción
de roles y distribución de responsabilidades en la organización familiar. Es así como se
concluye que el sexismo benevolente estaría presente en la construcción de la vida de pareja y
de familia de manera no consciente, naturalizando y perpetuando intergeneracionalmente
creencias sexistas. Además, a través de narrativas sociales adoptadas de la cultura e
incorporadas a las dinámicas familiares, se estaría generando brechas y limitaciones en el
desarrollo de sus integrantes, basándose en sus diferencias sexo-genéricas. Asimismo, se ha
podido destacar que la protección y el rol proveedor masculino no se cuestiona ni se asocia con
la violencia, sino que por el contrario es socialmente aceptado como positivo y resaltado como
un valor. Mientras que, por el otro lado, el desarrollo profesional de las mujeres estaría limitado
ya que hay una aceptación en la idea de la madre como la más apropiada para el cuidado del
hogar y la crianza tomando estos como su responsabilidad principal. Con lo cual se puede
afirmar que el estudio muestra que el sexismo tendría cierto impacto en el desarrollo de los
miembros de las familias según su género.
The present research aims to explore the impact of ambivalent sexism and couple satisfaction on parental expectations and family life in a sample of four men and six women from Metropolitan Lima between 25 and 45 years of age who are part of family groups with sons and daughters. To this end, a qualitative study was conducted with a thematic analysis design in which, through semi-structured interviews, we sought to know their ideas about the differences between men and women; satisfaction in the couple relationship; and their expectations about children and parenting. As a result, evidence was found that, although there is a great notion about the relevance of gender equity in couple relationships and in the formation of the family, there are some contradictions in their practices and expectations. In this sense, some experiences are highlighted that are related to the ideas of the benevolent sexism theory of Glick and Fiske (1996) in the construction of roles and distribution of responsibilities in the family organization. Thus, it is concluded that benevolent sexism would be present in the construction of couple and family life in an unconscious way, naturalizing and perpetuating sexist beliefs intergenerationally. In addition, through social narratives adopted from the culture and incorporated into family dynamics, gaps and limitations would be generated in the development of its members, based on their sex-gender differences. Likewise, it has been possible to highlight that the protection and the male provider role is not questioned or associated with violence, but on the contrary is socially accepted as positive and highlighted as a value. While on the other hand, the professional development of women would be limited since there is an acceptance in the idea of the mother as the most appropriate for the care of the home and parenting, taking these as her main responsibility. With which it can be affirmed that the study shows that sexism would have a certain impact on the development of family members according to their gender.
The present research aims to explore the impact of ambivalent sexism and couple satisfaction on parental expectations and family life in a sample of four men and six women from Metropolitan Lima between 25 and 45 years of age who are part of family groups with sons and daughters. To this end, a qualitative study was conducted with a thematic analysis design in which, through semi-structured interviews, we sought to know their ideas about the differences between men and women; satisfaction in the couple relationship; and their expectations about children and parenting. As a result, evidence was found that, although there is a great notion about the relevance of gender equity in couple relationships and in the formation of the family, there are some contradictions in their practices and expectations. In this sense, some experiences are highlighted that are related to the ideas of the benevolent sexism theory of Glick and Fiske (1996) in the construction of roles and distribution of responsibilities in the family organization. Thus, it is concluded that benevolent sexism would be present in the construction of couple and family life in an unconscious way, naturalizing and perpetuating sexist beliefs intergenerationally. In addition, through social narratives adopted from the culture and incorporated into family dynamics, gaps and limitations would be generated in the development of its members, based on their sex-gender differences. Likewise, it has been possible to highlight that the protection and the male provider role is not questioned or associated with violence, but on the contrary is socially accepted as positive and highlighted as a value. While on the other hand, the professional development of women would be limited since there is an acceptance in the idea of the mother as the most appropriate for the care of the home and parenting, taking these as her main responsibility. With which it can be affirmed that the study shows that sexism would have a certain impact on the development of family members according to their gender.
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Sexismo, Relaciones de pareja--Aspectos psicológicos, Padres e hijos
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