La influencia de la complejidad de tareas y el tipo de pensamiento en el desempeño de los auditores de las cuatro grandes empresas auditoras en el Perú
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Acceso al texto completo solo para la Comunidad PUCP
Resumen
Este estudio justifica su relevancia al destacar cómo los patrones inconscientes en el
juicio profesional de los auditores peruanos pueden derivar en evaluaciones de riesgos
defectuosas y en la omisión de incorrecciones materiales en los estados financieros,
obstaculizando en última instancia el proceso de auditoría. El objetivo principal es examinar
de qué manera dichas tendencias de juicio, influenciadas por sesgos cognitivos y estímulos
externos, moldean las decisiones de los auditores y condicionan potencialmente su detección
de errores o fraudes significativos. Basada en la teoría del procesamiento dual del
pensamiento —que sostiene que los auditores operan con un sistema intuitivo (rápido y
automático) y otro racional (deliberado y analítico)—, esta investigación busca determinar
cuándo y cómo debería emplearse cada modo de pensamiento con mayor efectividad.
Metodológicamente, se recopilan datos de auditores que laboran en firmas del Perú y se
aplican técnicas inferenciales para descubrir patrones en la emisión de juicios, con especial
énfasis en el impacto del contexto empresarial local y en factores de índole geográfica o social.
Los resultados señalan que la capacidad de detectar incorrecciones materiales varía
significativamente según la habilidad de los auditores para gestionar sesgos inconscientes y
estímulos externos, lo que sugiere que el fortalecimiento del componente racional y objetivo
del razonamiento conduce a evaluaciones de riesgo más confiables. La conclusión central
radica en que una mayor conciencia de estos patrones inconscientes, unida a la aplicación
deliberada del sistema racional, potencia la eficacia del juicio profesional del auditor en el Perú.
De este modo, el estudio no solo ofrece claves para mejorar la identificación de incorrecciones
materiales, sino que también destaca la necesidad de continuar investigando de qué manera
influyen los factores individuales y contextuales en los procesos críticos de toma de decisiones
de los auditores.
This study justifies its relevance by highlighting how unconscious patterns in Peruvian auditors’ professional judgment can lead to flawed risk assessments and oversights in detecting significant misstatements in financial statements, ultimately hindering the audit process. The main objective is to examine how these judgment tendencies, influenced by cognitive biases and external stimuli, shape auditors’ decisions and potentially condition their detection of material errors or fraud. Grounded in the theory of dual thought processing, which posits that auditors operate under both an intuitive system (fast and automatic) and a rational system (deliberate and analytical), this research seeks to determine when and how auditors should employ each mode of thinking most effectively. Methodologically, the study collects data from auditors working in Peruvian firms and applies inferential techniques to uncover patterns in judgment issuance, with a particular focus on the impact of local business contexts and geographic or social factors. The results indicate that auditors’ abilities to detect material misstatements vary significantly depending on how well they manage unconscious biases and external stimuli, suggesting that strengthening the rational, objective component of their reasoning leads to a more reliable assessment of risks. The central conclusion is that deeper awareness of these unconscious patterns, coupled with a deliberate application of the rational system, enhances the effectiveness of the auditor’s professional judgment in Peru. Thus, the study not only offers insights into improving the detection of material misstatements but also underscores the need for more research on how individual and contextual factors shape the auditor’s critical decision-making processes.
This study justifies its relevance by highlighting how unconscious patterns in Peruvian auditors’ professional judgment can lead to flawed risk assessments and oversights in detecting significant misstatements in financial statements, ultimately hindering the audit process. The main objective is to examine how these judgment tendencies, influenced by cognitive biases and external stimuli, shape auditors’ decisions and potentially condition their detection of material errors or fraud. Grounded in the theory of dual thought processing, which posits that auditors operate under both an intuitive system (fast and automatic) and a rational system (deliberate and analytical), this research seeks to determine when and how auditors should employ each mode of thinking most effectively. Methodologically, the study collects data from auditors working in Peruvian firms and applies inferential techniques to uncover patterns in judgment issuance, with a particular focus on the impact of local business contexts and geographic or social factors. The results indicate that auditors’ abilities to detect material misstatements vary significantly depending on how well they manage unconscious biases and external stimuli, suggesting that strengthening the rational, objective component of their reasoning leads to a more reliable assessment of risks. The central conclusion is that deeper awareness of these unconscious patterns, coupled with a deliberate application of the rational system, enhances the effectiveness of the auditor’s professional judgment in Peru. Thus, the study not only offers insights into improving the detection of material misstatements but also underscores the need for more research on how individual and contextual factors shape the auditor’s critical decision-making processes.
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Auditores--Perú, Pensamiento crítico, Toma de decisiones
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