Heurísticos burocráticos y sesgo territorial en el proceso de innovación social : El caso del programa de mHealth ‘Mama’ en la región La Libertad (2016-2018)
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2019-10-25
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
No se conocen investigaciones académicas que hayan vinculado los marcos conceptuales de las
desigualdades sociales y los de innovación social. En este contexto, esta tesis se preguntó por el
papel de las desigualdades sociales en las trayectorias de la gestión de una innovación social. Para
este fin se tomó como caso el programa Mama, implementado en tres distritos de la región La
Libertad (Perú) entre 2016 y 2019. El programa Mama es una innovación en salud móvil o
mHealth que consiste en el envío de mensajes a través de celulares a madres gestantes y madres
de niños(as) menores de un año con el objetivo de promover hábitos saludables, alentar respuestas
preventivas y mejorar la asistencia a los controles médicos. La aproximación metodológica usada
es la Teoría Fundamentada (o Grounded Theory), metodología inductiva que propone una serie
de pasos a fin de generar nuevas categorías y marcos teóricos. El principal hallazgo de la
investigación se refiere a los sesgos territoriales presentes en los heurísticos (o estrategias de toma
de decisiones) empleados por los burócratas que conducen la implementación de una innovación
social que cuenta con un componente tecnológico importante. Estos sesgos conforman
mecanismos de reproducción de desigualdades en la expansión de la innovación social,
favoreciendo la expansión o el estancamiento de acuerdo al territorio, especialmente, en
escenarios de incertidumbre.
Academic research that has linked the conceptual frameworks of social inequalities and those of social innovation is unknown. In this context, this dissertation looks at the role of social inequalities in the paths of social innovation management. For this purpose, the case selected was the Mama program, implemented in three districts of La Libertad region (Peru) between 2016 and 2019. The Mama program is an innovation in mobile health or mHealth that consists of sending messages through cell phones to pregnant mothers and mothers of children under one year of age with the aim of promoting healthy habits, encouraging preventive responses and improving attendance at medical check-ups. The methodological approach used is Grounded Theory, an inductive methodology that proposes a series of steps in order to generate new categories and theoretical frameworks. The main finding of the investigation refers to the territorial biases present in the heuristics (or decision-making strategies) used by the bureaucrats that lead the implementation of a social innovation with an important technological component. These biases form mechanisms for the reproduction of inequalities in the expansion of a social innovation, favoring expansion or stagnation according to the territory, especially in scenarios of uncertainty.
Academic research that has linked the conceptual frameworks of social inequalities and those of social innovation is unknown. In this context, this dissertation looks at the role of social inequalities in the paths of social innovation management. For this purpose, the case selected was the Mama program, implemented in three districts of La Libertad region (Peru) between 2016 and 2019. The Mama program is an innovation in mobile health or mHealth that consists of sending messages through cell phones to pregnant mothers and mothers of children under one year of age with the aim of promoting healthy habits, encouraging preventive responses and improving attendance at medical check-ups. The methodological approach used is Grounded Theory, an inductive methodology that proposes a series of steps in order to generate new categories and theoretical frameworks. The main finding of the investigation refers to the territorial biases present in the heuristics (or decision-making strategies) used by the bureaucrats that lead the implementation of a social innovation with an important technological component. These biases form mechanisms for the reproduction of inequalities in the expansion of a social innovation, favoring expansion or stagnation according to the territory, especially in scenarios of uncertainty.
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Keywords
Servicios de salud materna--Perú--La Libertad, Salud pública--Innovaciones tecnológicas--Perú--La Libertad, Salud pública--Toma de decisiones--Perú--La Libertad, Igualdad--Perú--La Libertad
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