El Mobbing en Perú: análisis multidimensional y propuestas de reforma normativa
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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Resumen
El mobbing o acoso laboral constituye como uno de los desafíos más actuales en el
ámbito laboral peruano, manifestándose a través de conductas sistemáticas de
hostigamiento psicológico que vulneran la dignidad e integridad del trabajador.
Para abordar esta situación, el ordenamiento jurídico peruano se apoya en diversas
normas tales como la Constitución Política del Perú, la Ley de Productividad y
Competitividad Laboral, la ley y el reglamento de la Ley General de Inspección del
Trabajo, así como la ley y el reglamento de la Ley de Seguridad y Salud en el Trabajo.
En este contexto, la problemática fundamental radica en la ausencia de una legislación
específica sobre el mobbing en el marco normativo peruano, lo cual genera una
dispersión normativa que, obstaculiza tanto su prevención como su sanción efectiva.
Sin embargo, un hito significativo que se ha dado recientemente es la ratificación del
Convenio 190 de la OIT en 2022, que representa un avance al reconocer la necesidad
de enfrentar todas las formas de violencia y acoso en el entorno laboral.
El presente trabajo se concluye que el mobbing requiere un abordaje multidimensional
puesto que sus efectos no se limitan al ámbito personal, sino que impactan en la
productividad y el clima laboral. Por otra parte, la fragmentación y ambigüedad del marco
legal peruano plantea desafíos para la protección de los trabajadores. En consecuencia,
resulta necesario desarrollar una normativa más integral y específica sobre el acoso
laboral en Perú, que contemple su prevención y sanción efectiva.
Mobbing, defined as systematic workplace harassment, emerges as one of the most critical contemporary challenges within the Peruvian labour sphere, manifesting through systematic patterns of psychological harassment that fundamentally compromise workers' dignity and professional integrity. The Peruvian juridical framework addresses this phenomenon through various regulatory instruments, including the Political Constitution of Peru, the Labour Productivity and Competitiveness Act, the General Labour Inspection Law and its regulations, and the Occupational Health and Safety legislation. However, the fundamental challenge lies in the absence of specific mobbing legislation within the Peruvian regulatory framework, resulting in normative dispersion that significantly impedes both preventive measures and effective enforcement. A significant development in this context has been the ratification of ILO Convention 190 in 2022, marking a substantial advancement in acknowledging the imperative to address all manifestations of workplace violence and harassment. This research concludes that addressing mobbing necessitates a multidimensional approach incorporating both individual and organisational perspectives, as its implications extend beyond personal impact to affect organisational productivity and workplace climate. Furthermore, the current fragmentation and ambiguity within the Peruvian legal framework present substantial challenges for worker protection. Consequently, the development of comprehensive and specific anti-mobbing legislation in Peru becomes imperative, encompassing both preventive measures and effective sanctioning mechanisms.
Mobbing, defined as systematic workplace harassment, emerges as one of the most critical contemporary challenges within the Peruvian labour sphere, manifesting through systematic patterns of psychological harassment that fundamentally compromise workers' dignity and professional integrity. The Peruvian juridical framework addresses this phenomenon through various regulatory instruments, including the Political Constitution of Peru, the Labour Productivity and Competitiveness Act, the General Labour Inspection Law and its regulations, and the Occupational Health and Safety legislation. However, the fundamental challenge lies in the absence of specific mobbing legislation within the Peruvian regulatory framework, resulting in normative dispersion that significantly impedes both preventive measures and effective enforcement. A significant development in this context has been the ratification of ILO Convention 190 in 2022, marking a substantial advancement in acknowledging the imperative to address all manifestations of workplace violence and harassment. This research concludes that addressing mobbing necessitates a multidimensional approach incorporating both individual and organisational perspectives, as its implications extend beyond personal impact to affect organisational productivity and workplace climate. Furthermore, the current fragmentation and ambiguity within the Peruvian legal framework present substantial challenges for worker protection. Consequently, the development of comprehensive and specific anti-mobbing legislation in Peru becomes imperative, encompassing both preventive measures and effective sanctioning mechanisms.
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Stress en el trabajo, Violencia en el trabajo--Perú, Acoso, Discriminación sexual contra la mujer
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