El principio Kompetenz-Kompetenz frente a la vulneración del principio de imparcialidad e independencia: A la luz del Exp. N° 02851-2010-PA/TC (Caso Ivesur S.A.)
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2024-03-07
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
El problema principal de la presente investigación, se circunscribe a dilucidar si
el principio Kompetenz-Kompetenz resulta vulnerado, cuando en el interior de un
proceso arbitral una de las partes no ha cuestionado la independencia e
imparcialidad de un árbitro, mediante el procedimiento de recusación
correspondiente. Vale decir, si dicha parte procesal, en lugar de accionar el
mecanismo correspondiente, acude directamente al auxilio judicial (esto es, el
Poder Judicial y luego al Tribunal Constitucional) para realizar un control ex post
de una decisión que no ha sido puesta en conocimiento ex ante, dentro del fuero
arbitral.
Por ello, el objetivo de la presente investigación se vincula a desarrollar
detalladamente cuál es la definición, contenido y finalidad del principio
Kompetenz-Kompetenz, en aras de aplicar ello al caso contenido en el
Expediente N° 02851-2010-PA/TC (Caso Ivesur S.A.). A raíz del cual, se
concluirá que principio Kompetenz-Kompetenz pretende garantizar que no se
vulnere el principio de independencia funcional del fuero arbitral, mediante la
intromisión del aparato jurisdiccional en cuestionamientos no postulados
primeramente ante el Tribunal y, de ser el caso, ante las entidades cooperadoras
en el arbitraje, como lo son los organismos de las Entidades Arbitrales. Ya que,
caso contrario, las propias decisiones del fuero arbitral podrían resultar nulas, a
pesar de que no tuvieron oportunidad de pronunciarse sobre algún
cuestionamiento y, de esta manera, sanear su decisión final, contenida en un
laudo arbitral.
The main problem of this investigation is limited to determining whether the Kompetenz-Kompetenz principle is violated when, within an arbitration process, one of the parties has not questioned the independence and impartiality of an arbitrator, through the corresponding challenge procedure. . That is, if said procedural party, instead of activating the corresponding mechanism, goes directly to judicial assistance (that is, the Judiciary and then to the Constitutional Court) to carry out an ex post control of a decision that has not been made known ex ante, within the arbitral forum. Therefore, the objective of this investigation is linked to developing in detail the definition, content and purpose of the Kompetenz-Kompetenz principle, in order to apply it to the case contained in File No. 02851-2010-PA/TC (Case Ivesur S.A.). As a result of which, it will be concluded that the Kompetenz-Kompetenz principle aims to guarantee that the principle of functional independence of the arbitral forum is not violated, through the interference of the jurisdictional apparatus in questions not first submitted to the Court and, if applicable, before the cooperating entities in arbitration, such as the bodies of the Arbitration Entities. Since, otherwise, the decisions of the arbitration forum themselves could be null, even though they did not have the opportunity to rule on any question and, in this way, correct their final decision, contained in an arbitration award.
The main problem of this investigation is limited to determining whether the Kompetenz-Kompetenz principle is violated when, within an arbitration process, one of the parties has not questioned the independence and impartiality of an arbitrator, through the corresponding challenge procedure. . That is, if said procedural party, instead of activating the corresponding mechanism, goes directly to judicial assistance (that is, the Judiciary and then to the Constitutional Court) to carry out an ex post control of a decision that has not been made known ex ante, within the arbitral forum. Therefore, the objective of this investigation is linked to developing in detail the definition, content and purpose of the Kompetenz-Kompetenz principle, in order to apply it to the case contained in File No. 02851-2010-PA/TC (Case Ivesur S.A.). As a result of which, it will be concluded that the Kompetenz-Kompetenz principle aims to guarantee that the principle of functional independence of the arbitral forum is not violated, through the interference of the jurisdictional apparatus in questions not first submitted to the Court and, if applicable, before the cooperating entities in arbitration, such as the bodies of the Arbitration Entities. Since, otherwise, the decisions of the arbitration forum themselves could be null, even though they did not have the opportunity to rule on any question and, in this way, correct their final decision, contained in an arbitration award.
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Arbitraje--Perú, Derecho procesal--Perú
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