Concepciones y creencias docentes sobre el proceso de comprensión de lectura en la enseñanza de inglés como lengua extranjera
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2017-02-24
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
Ante la falta de la integración a la práctica pedagógica de nuevos saberes obtenidos en las capacitaciones,
por parte de algunos docentes de inglés, se decidió buscar posibles causas. Entre otros factores, se buscó
en las concepciones y creencias que los docentes pudieran tener sobre el aprendizaje y la enseñanza, en
general, y, en particular, sobre sus concepciones y creencias sobre la comprensión de lectura. Para ello, se
llevó a cabo una investigación cualitativa, mediante entrevistas en profundidad, en la que se indagó,
específicamente, sobre las concepciones y creencias de 10 docentes de inglés de una institución educativa
privada en Lima. Los resultados han demostrado que los docentes, en su mayoría, conciben la enseñanza
como un proceso de transmisión de contenidos, centrándose en preparar los materiales que darán a los
estudiantes en clase. Asimismo, asumen un enfoque ascendente de la comprensión de lectura, centrándose
en el dominio del vocabulario como recurso principal en el desarrollo de esta habilidad en la nueva lengua.
Igualmente, conciben la lectura como un medio para acceder a cualquier información, a través de la que
obtendrán algún tipo de beneficio en el ámbito académico, laboral o personal. Ninguno de los docentes
entrevistados lleva a sus estudiantes a la utilización de estrategias de lectura. Sin embargo, sí aparecen en
el proceso de enseñanza, a modo de demostración por parte del docente. Se podría concluir que las
concepciones y creencias instauradas en los docentes sobre el proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje y sobre
el proceso de comprensión de lectura, podrían actuar como una barrera en la aplicación práctica de nuevos
saberes sobre cómo enseñar el inglés como lengua extranjera, en particular, la comprensión de lectura.
In front of the lack of integration into the pedagogic practice of new learnings acquired through training, by some teachers of English, it was decided to look for possible causes. Among other factors, the search was placed on the conceptions and beliefs teachers might have about learning and teaching, in general, and, specifically, on their conceptions and beliefs about reading comprehension. With that purpose, qualitative research was conducted, through in-depth interviews, in which research was focused, specifically, on the conceptions and beliefs of 10 teachers of English from a private educational center in Lima. The results have demonstrated that teachers, in majority, conceive teaching as a content transmission process, focusing on the preparation of materials they will deliver to students in class. Furthermore, they adopt an ascending approach to reading comprehension, focusing on the command of vocabulary as the main resource for the development of such skill in the new language. In addition, they conceive reading comprehension as a means to access to any information, through which they will obtain some kind of benefit in the academic, working or personal field. None of the teachers interviewed leads his/her students to the use of reading strategies. However, they do appear in the teaching process, in shape of model by the teacher. It could be concluded that the built-in conceptions of teachers regarding the teaching and learning process and regarding the reading comprehension process, could act as blockers to the practical application of new knowledge in relation to how to teach English as a foreign language, in particular, reading comprehension.
In front of the lack of integration into the pedagogic practice of new learnings acquired through training, by some teachers of English, it was decided to look for possible causes. Among other factors, the search was placed on the conceptions and beliefs teachers might have about learning and teaching, in general, and, specifically, on their conceptions and beliefs about reading comprehension. With that purpose, qualitative research was conducted, through in-depth interviews, in which research was focused, specifically, on the conceptions and beliefs of 10 teachers of English from a private educational center in Lima. The results have demonstrated that teachers, in majority, conceive teaching as a content transmission process, focusing on the preparation of materials they will deliver to students in class. Furthermore, they adopt an ascending approach to reading comprehension, focusing on the command of vocabulary as the main resource for the development of such skill in the new language. In addition, they conceive reading comprehension as a means to access to any information, through which they will obtain some kind of benefit in the academic, working or personal field. None of the teachers interviewed leads his/her students to the use of reading strategies. However, they do appear in the teaching process, in shape of model by the teacher. It could be concluded that the built-in conceptions of teachers regarding the teaching and learning process and regarding the reading comprehension process, could act as blockers to the practical application of new knowledge in relation to how to teach English as a foreign language, in particular, reading comprehension.
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Personal docente--Actitudes, Inglés--Estudio y enseñanza., Comprensión de lectura
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