“Cargos, recargos y tarifas establecidos por ley administrados por OSINERGMIN que no constituyen ingresos para quienes los cobran ¿tributos, recursos parafiscales o qué?“
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Date
2017-12-04
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
En el sector de energía existen cargos, recargos y tarifas que se cobran con ocasión de la
prestación de servicios públicos o de la venta o importación de determinados hidrocarburos.
Estos se caracterizan por haber sido creados a través de normas jurídicas (principalmente con
rango de ley), ser de carácter obligatorio, no ingresar al presupuesto nacional ni a fondos
públicos, no constituir ingresos para los sujetos que los recaudan y ser administrados y/o
regulados por el Organismo Supervisor de la Inversión en la Energía y la Minería.
La presente investigación analiza, mediante el estudio de casos, la naturaleza jurídica de nueve
de estos cargos, recargos o tarifas contrastándolos con los conceptos de tarifa de servicios
públicos, tributo y de recursos parafiscales. Dado el escaso desarrollo del concepto de
parafiscalidad en la doctrina y la jurisprudencia peruana, se construye una definición operativa
a partir de la experiencia comparada (Francia, España y Colombia) y la regulación nacional
existente. La investigación concluye que, en la mayoría de los casos, dado que lo recaudado no
constituye ingreso para quien lo recauda ni constituye ingreso público, estos no tienen
naturaleza de tarifa ni de tributo sino que son recursos parafiscales. Ello cuestiona la posición
tanto del sector de energía y minas como del organismo regulador según la cual estos cargos,
recargos y tarifas tienen naturaleza tarifaria.
In the energy sector there are charges, surcharges and fees that are charged for the provision of public services or the sale or import of certain hydrocarbons. These are characterized by being created through legal rules (mainly with the rank of law), be mandatory, do not enter the national budget or public funds, do not constitute income for the subjects who collect and be administered and / or Regulated by the Supervisory Body for Investment in Energy and Mining. The present study analyzes, through the case study, the legal nature of nine of these charges, surcharges or rates in contrast to the concepts of public service tariff, tribute and parafiscal resources. Given the limited development of the concept of parafiscalism in Peruvian doctrine and jurisprudence, an operational definition is constructed based on comparative experience (France, Spain and Colombia) and existing national regulation. The investigation concludes that, in most cases, since the proceeds do not constitute income for the person who collects it and does not constitute public income, they are not tax or tax nature, but rather are parafiscal resources. This challenges the position of both the energy and mining sector and the regulatory body that these charges, surcharges and tariffs are tariff-based.
In the energy sector there are charges, surcharges and fees that are charged for the provision of public services or the sale or import of certain hydrocarbons. These are characterized by being created through legal rules (mainly with the rank of law), be mandatory, do not enter the national budget or public funds, do not constitute income for the subjects who collect and be administered and / or Regulated by the Supervisory Body for Investment in Energy and Mining. The present study analyzes, through the case study, the legal nature of nine of these charges, surcharges or rates in contrast to the concepts of public service tariff, tribute and parafiscal resources. Given the limited development of the concept of parafiscalism in Peruvian doctrine and jurisprudence, an operational definition is constructed based on comparative experience (France, Spain and Colombia) and existing national regulation. The investigation concludes that, in most cases, since the proceeds do not constitute income for the person who collects it and does not constitute public income, they are not tax or tax nature, but rather are parafiscal resources. This challenges the position of both the energy and mining sector and the regulatory body that these charges, surcharges and tariffs are tariff-based.
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Keywords
Organismo Supervisor de la Inversión en Energía y Minería (Perú), Servicios públicos--Tarifas--Perú, Política fiscal--Perú, Hidrocarburos--Legislación--Perú
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