Factores asociados al burnout en docentes de secundaria de colegios públicos
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2014-08-27
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
Esta investigación se planteó como propósito describir las variables asociadas al burnout
docente, para lo cual se establecieron tres objetivos: describir la presencia de burnout en los
participantes; comparar los percentiles de burnout según las variables de estudio (sexo, edad,
estado civil, hijos, formación profesional, nivel socioeconómico, región, años de experiencia,
número de alumnos a cargo, horas de jornada laboral, locus de control y clima laboral); e
identificar un modelo de regresión de burnout. Participaron 253 docentes de instituciones
educativas de administración pública de 15 regiones del Perú, a quienes se les aplicó
cuestionarios para obtener información sobre datos sociodemográficos y para la Evaluación
del Síndrome de estar Quemado por el Trabajo – CESQT (Gil-Monte, 2011), así como, las
escalas de locus de control de Rotter (Brenlla & Vásquez, 2010) y de clima laboral (Palma,
2004). Los resultados señalaron un nivel general de burnout medio con presencia de
sentimientos de culpa. Las diferencias más significativas en los percentiles de burnout se
dieron según el locus de control, la región y la percepción del clima laboral. El locus de
control externo y el clima laboral desfavorable fueron las variables significativas en el
modelo de regresión total. Adicional a las dos anteriores, los años de experiencia y el número
de alumnos a cargo también fueron variables significativas en los docentes con más alto
burnout. En contraste, en los docentes con más bajo burnout, sólo la variable de horas
laborales fue significativa y negativa.
The main purpose for this research was to describe variables associated to teachers’ burnout, for which three objectives were established: To describe the presence of burnout in participants; to compare the percentiles of burnout according to the study variables (sex, age, marital status, presence of children, professional background, socioeconomic status, region, experience in teaching, number of students in charge, working hours, locus of control and working environment); and to identify a regression model of burnout. Participants were 253 public high school teachers from 15 regions of Peru who were assessed with questionnaires of demographic data and burnout syndrome (CESQT for its initials in Spanish; Gil-Monte, 2011), as well as, Rotter’s locus of control scale (Brenlla & Vásquez, 2010) and work environment scale (Palma, 2004). The results showed an overall medium level of burnout with presence of guilt feelings. Most significant differences in burnout percentiles were given by the locus of control, the region and the perception of the work environment. An external locus of control and an unfavorable perception of the work environment were significant variables in the total regression model. Beside, years of experience and number of students in charge were also significant variables for teachers with higher levels of burnout. In the other hand, working hours showed to be the only significant and negative variable in teachers with lower levels of burnout.
The main purpose for this research was to describe variables associated to teachers’ burnout, for which three objectives were established: To describe the presence of burnout in participants; to compare the percentiles of burnout according to the study variables (sex, age, marital status, presence of children, professional background, socioeconomic status, region, experience in teaching, number of students in charge, working hours, locus of control and working environment); and to identify a regression model of burnout. Participants were 253 public high school teachers from 15 regions of Peru who were assessed with questionnaires of demographic data and burnout syndrome (CESQT for its initials in Spanish; Gil-Monte, 2011), as well as, Rotter’s locus of control scale (Brenlla & Vásquez, 2010) and work environment scale (Palma, 2004). The results showed an overall medium level of burnout with presence of guilt feelings. Most significant differences in burnout percentiles were given by the locus of control, the region and the perception of the work environment. An external locus of control and an unfavorable perception of the work environment were significant variables in the total regression model. Beside, years of experience and number of students in charge were also significant variables for teachers with higher levels of burnout. In the other hand, working hours showed to be the only significant and negative variable in teachers with lower levels of burnout.
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Personal docente--Stress profesional, Personal docente--Aspectos psicológicos, Comportamiento organizacional, Educación--Perú--Investigaciones.
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