Percepción visual y auditiva en escolares con autismo en Lima Metropolitana : un estudio de casos
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2016-10-03
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
Se explora la influencia del Trastorno de Espectro Autista en el desarrollo de la percepción visual y auditiva en un estudio de casos con seis escolares (3 con desarrollo normal, 3 diagnosticados con Autismo), entre 6 y 9 años de edad, utilizando una metodología experimental. Para la percepción visual, se midió el tiempo promedio de fijación visual al observar imágenes de diferentes características (color/blanco y negro, reales/caricatura, brillantes/opacas, en movimiento/estáticas). Para la percepción auditiva, se midió el tiempo promedio de detección de la localización de la fuente de sonido frente a estímulos auditivos desde locaciones diferentes (esquinas inferiores derecha e izquierda). Se encontró que los escolares con Autismo presentaron las siguientes características: (a) tiempos de fijación visual más altos al observar imágenes a color, brillantes y en movimiento, mientras que en relación a las reales y de caricatura no se encontró patrón de preferencia alguno; (b) mayores tiempos de detección de la localización de la fuente de sonido, en contraste a sus pares con un desarrollo normal, y (c) menor porcentaje de aciertos en la ubicación de la fuente de sonido. Se discuten los resultados a la luz de las características del procesamiento de la información sensorial en las personas con Trastorno de Espectro Autista. Se incluyen recomendaciones para estudios futuros.
The influence of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in the development of visual and auditory perception in a case study involving six children (3 with normal development, 3 diagnosed with ASD) between 6 and 9 years, is explored following an experimental design. For visual perception, the average time of visual fixation was measured while observing images of different characteristics (colorful/black-white, real/caricature, bright/opaque, moving/static). Auditory perception was measured through the detection time of the sound source location, while listening to auditory stimuli from different locations (left and right inferior corners). Children with ASD exhibited the following results:(a) Higher visual fixation times when observing colorful, brilliant and moving images, but no preference pattern was found in relation to real and caricature images; (b) More time invested in the detection of the sound source location, in contrast to their peers with normal development; and (c) Lower percentages of correct answers when locating sounds. The findings are discussed following the characteristics of sensory information processing in ASD children. Recommendations for future studies are included.
The influence of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in the development of visual and auditory perception in a case study involving six children (3 with normal development, 3 diagnosed with ASD) between 6 and 9 years, is explored following an experimental design. For visual perception, the average time of visual fixation was measured while observing images of different characteristics (colorful/black-white, real/caricature, bright/opaque, moving/static). Auditory perception was measured through the detection time of the sound source location, while listening to auditory stimuli from different locations (left and right inferior corners). Children with ASD exhibited the following results:(a) Higher visual fixation times when observing colorful, brilliant and moving images, but no preference pattern was found in relation to real and caricature images; (b) More time invested in the detection of the sound source location, in contrast to their peers with normal development; and (c) Lower percentages of correct answers when locating sounds. The findings are discussed following the characteristics of sensory information processing in ASD children. Recommendations for future studies are included.
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Autismo infantil, Percepción visual, Percepción auditiva
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