Afrontamiento y soporte social en un grupo de adictos de un hospital psiquiátrico de Lima
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2012-10-04
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
La presente investigación tiene como objetivo principal explorar la relación entre afrontamiento
y soporte social en una muestra de 45 adictos entre los 20 y 60 años, hospitalizados en una
comunidad terapéutica de un hospital psiquiátrico de Lima. Se utilizó el Cuestionario de
Estimación de Afrontamiento (COPE) desarrollado por Carver et al. (1989) y el Inventario de
Entrevista de Soporte Social de Arizona (IESSA) desarrollado por Barrera et al. (1981). Se
encontraron correlaciones significativas directas e inversas entre casi todas las estrategias de
afrontamiento y funciones e índices de soporte social.
No se encontró predominancia de un estilo de afrontamiento particular; el estilo evitativo fue el
menos utilizado. Las estrategias de mayor uso fueron reinterpretación positiva y acudir a la
religión; la de menor uso fue negación. En cuanto al soporte social, se observó que la red
percibida fue mayor que la red efectiva y la satisfacción fue mayor que la necesidad de soporte
social. Además, se obtuvieron diferencias significativas en afrontamiento y soporte social de
acuerdo a las variables estado civil, reingreso a la CT y comorbilidad psiquiátrica, las cuales
fueron discutidas.
Los resultados sugieren que el soporte social mediaría la elección de estrategias de
afrontamiento en la muestra estudiada.
The present investigation has as a main purpose to explore the relationship between coping and social support in a group of addicts between 20 and 60 years old, receiving inpatient treatment in a therapeutic community from a psychiatric hospital in Lima. The instruments used were the COPE Inventory, developed by Carver et al. (1989) and the Arizona Social Support Interview Schedule, developed by Barrera et al. (1981). Associations between almost all coping strategies; and social support´s areas and indexes were found. There was no predominance of a particular coping style; avoidant coping was the least used. Positive reinterpretation and growth and religious coping were the most commonly used strategies, whereas denial was reported as the less used. Regarding social support, total perceived network was observed bigger than total effective network and satisfaction bigger than the need of social support. Moreover, significant differences were found in coping and social support according to marital status, re-entry to the therapeutic community and comorbidity, which were discussed. Results suggest a mediation role from social support over the use of coping strategies.
The present investigation has as a main purpose to explore the relationship between coping and social support in a group of addicts between 20 and 60 years old, receiving inpatient treatment in a therapeutic community from a psychiatric hospital in Lima. The instruments used were the COPE Inventory, developed by Carver et al. (1989) and the Arizona Social Support Interview Schedule, developed by Barrera et al. (1981). Associations between almost all coping strategies; and social support´s areas and indexes were found. There was no predominance of a particular coping style; avoidant coping was the least used. Positive reinterpretation and growth and religious coping were the most commonly used strategies, whereas denial was reported as the less used. Regarding social support, total perceived network was observed bigger than total effective network and satisfaction bigger than the need of social support. Moreover, significant differences were found in coping and social support according to marital status, re-entry to the therapeutic community and comorbidity, which were discussed. Results suggest a mediation role from social support over the use of coping strategies.
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Adaptación (Psicología), Soporte social, Comunidad terapéutica, Drogas--Dependencia
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