Nuevo enfoque para estudiar la respuesta del detector LR-115 al 222Rn, 220Rn y progenie. Aplicación en mediciones de radón en interiores de Lima, Perú
Date
2023-08-23
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
Este trabajo se centra en el estudio de la radiactividad y, en particular, en la medición del
gas radón en interiores. El objetivo principal es presentar un método alternativo de medición
de radón utilizando detectores de huellas nucleares de estado sólido (SSNTDs) que permita
realizar un monitoreo a mediana o gran escala y estimar la equivalencia de las mediciones
realizadas con detectores desnudos y con una cámara de difusión. La radiactividad es una
parte inherente al entorno humano y se ha experimentado exposiciones a dosis superiores
a los valores actuales. Los radionucleidos, tanto de origen cósmico como terrestre, están
presentes en alimentos, agua, materiales de construcción y seres vivos. Sin embargo, debido
a los cambios rápidos y artificiales en el ambiente, la naturaleza no puede mitigarlos con la
misma rapidez. Las radiaciones ionizantes pueden tener efectos perjudiciales en los sistemas
biológicos y ecológicos, como la degeneración del tejido y el desarrollo de neoplasias. En Perú, los estudios preliminares indican que la población recibe dosis efectiva que de ahora
en adelante llamaré dosis, comparables a los valores promedios mundiales, siendo la dosis
debido al gas radón significativa en su aporte. Sin embargo, no existen valores propios
de intervención establecidos por las organizaciones oficiales encargadas en Perú, lo que
se está en la necesidad de realizar un estudio para determinar la concentración del gas
radón en el país para determinar valores locales reales. Se conocen ciertas localidades en
el mundo con altas concentraciones de radón y se plantea la posibilidad de que podrían
existir también zonas anómalas en Perú. En cuanto a la metodología, se utilizarán detectores
de huellas nucleares de nitrato de celulosa (LR-115) en modo desnudo y se propone un
enfoque novedoso para la calibración de estos detectores. También se describe la estructura
del trabajo, con capítulos dedicados a la radiactividad natural, los métodos de medición de
radón, el análisis del detector LR-115,la calibración de los detectores y los resultados del
monitoreo de radón en la ciudad de Lima. El trabajo concluye destacando la importancia de
establecer regulaciones y recomendaciones sobre la protección contra la radiación ionizante
del radón en viviendas y lugares de trabajo en Perú. Los resultados obtenidos se utilizarán
para establecer valores límites y de intervención de concentración de radón y proporcionarán
una base de datos para la creación de un mapa radiológico de Perú.
This work focuses on the study of radioactivity, particularly on the measurement of indoor radon gas. The main objective is to present an alternative method for radon measurement using solid-state nuclear track detectors (SSNTDs), enabling medium or large-scale monitor- ing and estimating the equivalency of measurements made with bare detectors and diffusion chambers. Radioactivity is an inherent part of the human environment, and exposures to higher doses have been experienced in the past to our days. Both cosmogenic and terrestrial radionuclides are present in food, water, building materials, and living organisms. However, due to rapid and artificial changes in the environment, nature cannot mitigate them at the same pace. Ionizing radiations can have harmful effects on biological and ecological systems, such as tissue degeneration and the development of neoplasms. Preliminary studies in Peru indicate that the population receives doses comparable to the global average values, with significant contributions from radon gas. However, there are no established intervention values by the official organizations in Peru, highlighting the need for a study to determine the concentration of radon gas in the country and establish accurate local values. Certain locations in the world are known to have high radon concentrations, raising the possibility of anomalous areas in Peru as well. Regarding the methodology, cellulose nitrate nuclear track detectors (LR-115) will be used in bare mode, and a novel approach for their calibration is proposed. The structure of the work is also described, with chapters dedicated to natural radioactivity, radon measurement methods, LR-115 detector analysis, detector calibration, and radon monitoring results in the city of Lima. The work concludes by emphasizing the importance of establishing regulations and recommendations for protection against ionizing radiation from radon in homes and workplaces in Peru. The obtained results will be used to establish concentration limits and intervention values for radon, providing a database for the creation of a radiological map of Peru.
This work focuses on the study of radioactivity, particularly on the measurement of indoor radon gas. The main objective is to present an alternative method for radon measurement using solid-state nuclear track detectors (SSNTDs), enabling medium or large-scale monitor- ing and estimating the equivalency of measurements made with bare detectors and diffusion chambers. Radioactivity is an inherent part of the human environment, and exposures to higher doses have been experienced in the past to our days. Both cosmogenic and terrestrial radionuclides are present in food, water, building materials, and living organisms. However, due to rapid and artificial changes in the environment, nature cannot mitigate them at the same pace. Ionizing radiations can have harmful effects on biological and ecological systems, such as tissue degeneration and the development of neoplasms. Preliminary studies in Peru indicate that the population receives doses comparable to the global average values, with significant contributions from radon gas. However, there are no established intervention values by the official organizations in Peru, highlighting the need for a study to determine the concentration of radon gas in the country and establish accurate local values. Certain locations in the world are known to have high radon concentrations, raising the possibility of anomalous areas in Peru as well. Regarding the methodology, cellulose nitrate nuclear track detectors (LR-115) will be used in bare mode, and a novel approach for their calibration is proposed. The structure of the work is also described, with chapters dedicated to natural radioactivity, radon measurement methods, LR-115 detector analysis, detector calibration, and radon monitoring results in the city of Lima. The work concludes by emphasizing the importance of establishing regulations and recommendations for protection against ionizing radiation from radon in homes and workplaces in Peru. The obtained results will be used to establish concentration limits and intervention values for radon, providing a database for the creation of a radiological map of Peru.
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Keywords
Radiactividad--Detectores, Radón--Medición--Perú--Lima, Radiactividad--Medición--Perú--Lima, Radiactividad--Instrumentos
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