Factores económicos y académicos de deserción universitaria en Colombia, Chile, Perú y México, periodo 2011-2021
Date
2022-03-29
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
La presente investigación aporta a la comprensión y análisis de los factores
económicos y académicos de deserción universitaria de pregrado, en Colombia, Chile,
Perú y México. Los objetivos que desarrolla son el analizar y describir los factores
económicos y académicos que inciden en la deserción universitaria en los países
estudiados. La metodología aplicada responde a un diseño cualitativo, de método
bibliográfico, el cual consiste en la búsqueda y lectura de fuentes confiables, la
selección, organización, análisis e interpretación de los contenidos, en el periodo del
2011 al 2021. Las conclusiones que presenta la investigación están referidas a señalar
las principales categorías que explican, en primer lugar, los factores académicos, los
cuales son: el rendimiento académico, la intervención del docente, la autorregulación
del estudiante y la gestión de la institución. En relación a las categorías referidas a los
factores económicos, se señalan: la situación social del estudiante, la situación
laboral, el grado de autonomía económica y el manejo de las finanzas por parte del
estudiante. En ambos factores, tanto en el académico, como el económico, las dos
primeras categorías son las más recurrentes en el contexto de estudio. Finalmente se
aprecia que el enfoque de deserción que predomina en las universidades de los cuatro
países estudiados es el interaccionista.
This research contributes to the understanding and analysis of the economic and academic factors of undergraduate university dropout in Colombia, Chile, Peru and Mexico. The objectives are to analyze and describe the economic and academic factors that influence university dropout in the countries studied. The methodology applied responds to a qualitative design, of bibliographic method, which consists of the search and reading of reliable sources, the selection, organization, analysis and interpretation of the contents, in the period from 2011 to 2021. The conclusions presented by the research are referred to point out the main categories that explain, in the first place, the academic factors, which are: academic performance, teacher intervention, student self-regulation and the management of the institution. In relation to the categories referring to economic factors, the following are mentioned: the student's social situation, the employment situation, the degree of economic autonomy and the student's management of finances. In both factors, academic and economic, the first two categories are the most recurrent in the context of the study. Finally, it can be seen that the predominant approach to dropout in the universities of the four countries studied is the interactionist approach.
This research contributes to the understanding and analysis of the economic and academic factors of undergraduate university dropout in Colombia, Chile, Peru and Mexico. The objectives are to analyze and describe the economic and academic factors that influence university dropout in the countries studied. The methodology applied responds to a qualitative design, of bibliographic method, which consists of the search and reading of reliable sources, the selection, organization, analysis and interpretation of the contents, in the period from 2011 to 2021. The conclusions presented by the research are referred to point out the main categories that explain, in the first place, the academic factors, which are: academic performance, teacher intervention, student self-regulation and the management of the institution. In relation to the categories referring to economic factors, the following are mentioned: the student's social situation, the employment situation, the degree of economic autonomy and the student's management of finances. In both factors, academic and economic, the first two categories are the most recurrent in the context of the study. Finally, it can be seen that the predominant approach to dropout in the universities of the four countries studied is the interactionist approach.
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Keywords
Deserción universitaria--Colombia, Deserción universitaria--Perú, Deserción universitaria--México, Deserción universitaria--América Latina, Deserción universitaria--Chile
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