Dar el salto: estrategias para la nacionalización y permanencia de movimientos regionales en el escenario político peruano
Date
2022-10-26
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
La presente investigación explora la literatura existente sobre movimientos
regionales en Perú, así como los procesos y factores políticos que intervinieron
en su nacionalización. Los movimientos regionales nacen como organizaciones
políticas gracias a la descentralización iniciada hace casi 20 años, la cual
origina un espacio político subnacional. Su multiplicación y crecimiento es en
gran medida una respuesta ante el poco arraigo de los partidos nacionales en
regiones. La literatura más temprana evidencia que inicialmente se creyó que
los movimientos regionales serían importantes agentes democratizadores. Sin
embargo, esta idea fue desvaneciéndose progresivamente pues se encontró
que también presentaban problemas propios de los partidos naciones. En la
actualidad gran parte de los movimientos regionales tiene dificultades para
mantenerse vigente en su región y expandirse a la esfera nacional. Para
aquellas organizaciones que lo logran es vital obtener la inscripción como
partido nacional y participar en elecciones nacionales, pues este estatus les
brinda capacidad de negociación con actores políticos de distintas regiones.
Con el fin de lograr esto, los movimientos regionales utilizan diversas
estrategias. Ciertamente, a día de hoy los movimientos regionales son actores
políticos importantes dentro de sus regiones y luego, para todo el país.
This research explores the existing literature on regional movements in Peru, as well as the political processes and factors that intervened in their nationalization. Regional movements are born as political organizations thanks to the decentralization that began almost 20 years ago, which creates a subnational political space. Its multiplication and growth is largely a response to the lack of roots of national parties in regions. The earliest literature shows that regional movements were initially believed to be important democratizing agents. However, this idea was gradually fading as it was found that they also presented problems typical of the national parties. At present, a large part of the regional movements has difficulties to remain in force in their region and expand to the national sphere. For those organizations that achieve this, it is vital to obtain registration as a national party and participate in national elections, as this status gives them the ability to negotiate with political actors from different regions. In order to achieve this, regional movements use various strategies. Certainly, today the regional movements are important political actors within their regions and later, for the whole country.
This research explores the existing literature on regional movements in Peru, as well as the political processes and factors that intervened in their nationalization. Regional movements are born as political organizations thanks to the decentralization that began almost 20 years ago, which creates a subnational political space. Its multiplication and growth is largely a response to the lack of roots of national parties in regions. The earliest literature shows that regional movements were initially believed to be important democratizing agents. However, this idea was gradually fading as it was found that they also presented problems typical of the national parties. At present, a large part of the regional movements has difficulties to remain in force in their region and expand to the national sphere. For those organizations that achieve this, it is vital to obtain registration as a national party and participate in national elections, as this status gives them the ability to negotiate with political actors from different regions. In order to achieve this, regional movements use various strategies. Certainly, today the regional movements are important political actors within their regions and later, for the whole country.
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Partidos políticos--Perú, Nacionalismo--Perú
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