El manejo del terror y su impacto en los motivos de la identidad : un estudio experimental
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2014-02-12
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
La conciencia de la propia muerte repercute en los comportamientos y cogniciones
humanas de diversas maneras. En este escenario, la presente investigación busca
determinar el impacto de la saliencia de la mortalidad en la identidad individual y colectiva,
a través de motivos identitarios como la autoestima, la eficacia, la pertenencia, la
distintividad, la continuidad y el significado. Se hipotetizó que la conciencia de la propia
muerte potenciaría, a nivel individual y colectivo, los motivos identitarios descritos. A
través de un diseño experimental, se encontró que, a nivel de identidad individual, el
grupo experimental (expuesto a la saliencia de la propia mortalidad) mostró puntuaciones
marginalmente más elevadas que el grupo de control en los motivos de autoestima y de
distintividad y puntuaciones significativamente más elevadas en el motivo de continuidad.
A su vez, al segmentar la muestra en sujetos altos y bajos en Autoritarismo se corroboró
que las personas autoritarias son más sensibles a la saliencia de la propia muerte y
experimentan ante ella, alzas en sus motivos de autoestima, distintividad, continuidad y
significado. A nivel de identificación colectiva no se aprecia efecto alguno de la mortalidad
sobre los motivos identitarios. Sin embargo, controlando los niveles de autoritarismo, se
observa que sujetos autoritarios expuestos a la saliencia de la mortalidad puntúan
marginalmente más alto que los individuos del grupo de control en los motivos de eficacia
y significado.
Palabras clave: Autoritarismo de Ala Derecha, Identidad Individual, Identidad Colectiva,
Motivos Identiarios, Teoría del Manejor del Terror, Saliencia de la Mortalidad.
ABSTRACT Terror management and its impact on the identity motives: An experimental study The consciousness of one’s own death affects human behaviors and cognitions in diverse ways. In this scenery, the present investigation hopes to determine mortality salience’s impact on individual and collective identity, through identity motives such as self-esteem, efficacy, belongingness, distinctiveness, continuity and meaning. It was hypothesized that the awareness of one’s own death would boostthe described identity motives at both individual and collective levels. Throughout an experimental design it was found that, for individual identity, the experimental group (exposed to mortality salience) showed marginally higher punctuations than the control group for the self-esteem and distinctiveness motives and significantly higher punctuations for the continuity motive. In turn, when segmenting the sample in people high and low in authoritarianism it was corroborated that authoritarian individuals are more sensitive to mortality salience and experiment, in the face of it, boosts in their self-esteem, distinctiveness, continuity and meaning motives. At the collective identity level mortality salience has no effect on the identity motives. Nevertheless, when segmenting the sample, authoritarian subjects exposed to mortality salience punctuate marginally higher than the control group for their collective identities’s efficacy and meaning motives in their collective identities. Keywords: Right Wing Authoritarianism, Individual Identity, Collective Identity, Identity Motives, Terror Management Theory, Mortality Salience.
ABSTRACT Terror management and its impact on the identity motives: An experimental study The consciousness of one’s own death affects human behaviors and cognitions in diverse ways. In this scenery, the present investigation hopes to determine mortality salience’s impact on individual and collective identity, through identity motives such as self-esteem, efficacy, belongingness, distinctiveness, continuity and meaning. It was hypothesized that the awareness of one’s own death would boostthe described identity motives at both individual and collective levels. Throughout an experimental design it was found that, for individual identity, the experimental group (exposed to mortality salience) showed marginally higher punctuations than the control group for the self-esteem and distinctiveness motives and significantly higher punctuations for the continuity motive. In turn, when segmenting the sample in people high and low in authoritarianism it was corroborated that authoritarian individuals are more sensitive to mortality salience and experiment, in the face of it, boosts in their self-esteem, distinctiveness, continuity and meaning motives. At the collective identity level mortality salience has no effect on the identity motives. Nevertheless, when segmenting the sample, authoritarian subjects exposed to mortality salience punctuate marginally higher than the control group for their collective identities’s efficacy and meaning motives in their collective identities. Keywords: Right Wing Authoritarianism, Individual Identity, Collective Identity, Identity Motives, Terror Management Theory, Mortality Salience.
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Identidad, Autoestima, Mortalidad
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