Historia y repertorio de los grupos de aficionados a la zarzuela en Lima
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2020-06-26
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
La zarzuela fue uno de los géneros teatrales más populares en Lima a inicios del siglo XX.
Su impacto masivo en este período es mencionado por diversos autores y queda registro del
mismo en las crónicas de la época y en afiches de las múltiples presentaciones de compañías
locales y extranjeras, no solamente españolas, sino de toda América Latina. Algunas de las
obras más exitosas fueron La Gran Vía y La verbena de la Paloma, las cuales abordan
temáticamente la vida y las costumbres de personas de la clase trabajadora en la ciudad de
Madrid. Por estos motivos, su popularidad fue mayor entre la clase obrera y la clase media,
aunque algunos historiadores mencionan que se trataba de un entretenimiento que convocó
a personas de todos los sectores sociales. Con la creación del cinematógrafo, muchos teatros
en que se presentaban zarzuelas devinieron en cines y la afluencia del público hacia el género
decreció. A pesar de esto, la actividad de zarzuela se mantuvo debido a la presencia de
compañías españolas como la de Faustino García, que vino a Lima hasta mediados de la
década de 1970. En la actualidad, la zarzuela se presenta muy rara vez en los teatros limeños
y la afición por este género ha decrecido bastante. Algunos grupos de aficionados a la
zarzuela presentan espectáculos de este género en auditorios y otros espacios con el fin de
preservar un repertorio musical y escénico heredado de los tiempos de mayor popularidad. A
través del análisis de las prácticas de los grupos de aficionados y entrevistas a sus directores
y participantes, el presente estudio examina el vínculo entre estos conjuntos y las compañías
de zarzuela del pasado.
Zarzuela was one of the most popular theatrical genres in Lima at the beginning of the XX century. Its impact on the masses during this period is mentioned by many authors and recorded in several chronicles. Its importance is also depicted on the posters from the multiple presentations of local and foreign companies, not only in Spain, but also throughout Latin America. Some of the most famous Zarzuela works are La Gran Vía and La Verbena de la Paloma, both of which address the life and customs of working-class people in Madrid. As a result, Zarzuela’s popularity was bigger amongst the working and middle class, although some historians indicate that Zarzuela was a form of entertainment that gathered people from every social sector. After the creation of the cinematograph, many of the theatres where Zarzuelas were once staged turned into cinemas and the genre’s popularity faded. In spite of this, some Spanish companies, such as Faustino Garcia’s, maintained Zarzuela’s presence in Lima until the 1970s. Nowadays, Zarzuela is rarely performed in Lima’s theatres and the popular demand for the genre has remarkably decreased. Some amateur groups present Zarzuela shows in auditoriums and other small spaces to preserve a musical and theatrical repertoire, which they have inherited from the times Zarzuela was popular. By analysing the practice of these groups and interviewing some of their directors and participants, this investigation examines the nexus between these amateur groups and the Zarzuela companies from the past.
Zarzuela was one of the most popular theatrical genres in Lima at the beginning of the XX century. Its impact on the masses during this period is mentioned by many authors and recorded in several chronicles. Its importance is also depicted on the posters from the multiple presentations of local and foreign companies, not only in Spain, but also throughout Latin America. Some of the most famous Zarzuela works are La Gran Vía and La Verbena de la Paloma, both of which address the life and customs of working-class people in Madrid. As a result, Zarzuela’s popularity was bigger amongst the working and middle class, although some historians indicate that Zarzuela was a form of entertainment that gathered people from every social sector. After the creation of the cinematograph, many of the theatres where Zarzuelas were once staged turned into cinemas and the genre’s popularity faded. In spite of this, some Spanish companies, such as Faustino Garcia’s, maintained Zarzuela’s presence in Lima until the 1970s. Nowadays, Zarzuela is rarely performed in Lima’s theatres and the popular demand for the genre has remarkably decreased. Some amateur groups present Zarzuela shows in auditoriums and other small spaces to preserve a musical and theatrical repertoire, which they have inherited from the times Zarzuela was popular. By analysing the practice of these groups and interviewing some of their directors and participants, this investigation examines the nexus between these amateur groups and the Zarzuela companies from the past.
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Keywords
Zarzuela--Perú--Lima--Siglo XX, Teatro--Perú--Lima--Siglo XX
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