Mujeres peruanas en STEM: El proceso de elección de carrera
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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Resumen
Pese a los esfuerzos realizados las mujeres continúan teniendo una baja participación en las
carreras STEM en diversos países, incluido el Perú. La baja elección de carreras STEM por
mujeres representa un problema que no solo implica limitaciones para ellas en diversos
ámbitos, sino que afecta a toda la sociedad, debido a que estas áreas influyen en el desarrollo
estructural y económico de un país. Debido a esto, el objetivo principal de esta investigación
es comprender el proceso de elección de una carrera STEM en mujeres peruanas del primer
ciclo de una universidad privada de Lima Metropolitana. Para ello, se desarrolló un estudio con
abordaje cualitativo y diseño de análisis temático realizándose entrevistas a 9 estudiantes
universitarias, con edades entre los 17 y 18 años. Los resultados indican que el proceso de
elección de una carrera STEM es resultado de una compleja interrelación entre diversos
factores. Al finalizar la educación básica, las participantes eligen una carrera STEM tomando
en cuenta: sus creencias de autoeficacia, sus expectativas de resultado, sus intereses
vocacionales, las representaciones que han construido sobre las carreras, las expectativas y
creencias del entorno, el factor económico, y la dificultad de ejercer la carrera como mujer.
Resaltan la familia, el factor económico y los estereotipos de género, como las principales
barreras o apoyos en la elección de carrera. Los resultados permiten identificar algunas rutas
para seguir promoviendo la participación de mujeres en carreras STEM.
Despite the efforts made, women continue to have a low participation in STEM careers in several countries, including Peru. This low STEM career choice by women represents a problem that not only implies limitations for them in different fields, but also affects society as a whole, since these areas influence the structural and economic development of a country. Therefore, the main objective of this research is to understand the STEM career choice process in Peruvian women in the first cycle of a private university in Metropolitan Lima. For this purpose, a qualitative study with a thematic analysis design was carried out by interviewing 9 university students, aged between 17 and 18 years. The results indicate that the process of choosing a STEM career is the result of a complex interrelationship between various factors. At the end of basic education, the participants make their STEM career choice taking into account: their self-efficacy beliefs, their outcome expectations, their vocational interests, the representations they have constructed about careers, the expectations and beliefs of the environment, the economic factor, and the difficulty of pursuing the career as a woman. The family, the economic factor and gender stereotypes stand out as the main barriers or supports in the choice of career. The results allow to identify some routes to continue promoting the participation of women in STEM careers.
Despite the efforts made, women continue to have a low participation in STEM careers in several countries, including Peru. This low STEM career choice by women represents a problem that not only implies limitations for them in different fields, but also affects society as a whole, since these areas influence the structural and economic development of a country. Therefore, the main objective of this research is to understand the STEM career choice process in Peruvian women in the first cycle of a private university in Metropolitan Lima. For this purpose, a qualitative study with a thematic analysis design was carried out by interviewing 9 university students, aged between 17 and 18 years. The results indicate that the process of choosing a STEM career is the result of a complex interrelationship between various factors. At the end of basic education, the participants make their STEM career choice taking into account: their self-efficacy beliefs, their outcome expectations, their vocational interests, the representations they have constructed about careers, the expectations and beliefs of the environment, the economic factor, and the difficulty of pursuing the career as a woman. The family, the economic factor and gender stereotypes stand out as the main barriers or supports in the choice of career. The results allow to identify some routes to continue promoting the participation of women in STEM careers.
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Motivación (Educación), Mujeres--Educación superior--Perú--Lima, Estudiantes universitarios--Actitudes--Perú--Lima, Estereotipo--Psicología, Intereses vocacionales--Perú--Lima
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