Buenas prácticas financieras en la gestión del riesgo de crédito de empresas del sector bancario
Date
2018-10-15
Journal Title
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
Todas las entidades que realizan transacciones económicas, venta de bienes y servicios, están
expuestas al riesgo de crédito, sin embargo, existe un sector económico, el sector financiero,
en donde el riesgo de crédito aparece como factor fundamental dentro de sus operaciones.
Dentro de este sector se encuentran las entidades bancarias, dedicadas al otorgamiento de
créditos, quienes tienen como principal problema, la gestión misma del riesgo de crédito que
esto conlleva. Se han realizado diversos estudios del riesgo de crédito (Hsiao, Chang, Cianci
& Huang, 2010; Apostolik, Donohue, & Went, 2011; Bodemer, 2017); asimismo se han
elaborado modelos de medición del riesgo de crédito cada vez más complejos que colaboren
a mitigar este riesgo. En este punto, los entes reguladores peruanos no están ajenos a esta
realidad y confirman la necesidad de normar las prácticas en el riesgo de crédito, guiadas por
una corriente internacional donde los organismos internacionales instan a las empresas
financieras a llevar una adecuada gestión del riesgo. Por ello la presente tesis, buscando
describir las buenas prácticas de gestión de riesgo de crédito, llevó a cabo una investigación
cualitativa, se concretaron entrevistas a los principales funcionarios del área de riesgo, en
donde se realizaron tabulaciones y se contrastó la información estadística de los Estados
Financieros de las entidades, asimismo se contrastaron los resultados con evidencia pública
obtenida por las memorias anuales, auditoras independientes y la literatura encontrada
respecto al problema de investigación. Se logró describir aquellas buenas prácticas dentro del
sector, evidenciando una congruencia entre todas las entidades bancarias estudiadas que
buscan gestionar cada vez mejor sus créditos para obtener mejores resultados, encontrando
así la relación existente entre las variables, buenas prácticas en la gestión del riesgo de crédito
y rendimiento financiero.
Every entity that make economic transactions, sale of goods and services are exposed to credit risk, however, there is an economic sector, the finance sector, where the credit risk appears as a fundamental factor in their operations. Within this sector are banking entities dedicated to the granting of loans, which have as major problem the management of the credit risk that this entails. It has been applied diverse studies about the credit risk. Several studies have been applied about credit risk (Hsiao et al., 2010; Apostolik et al., 2011; Bodemer, 2017); likewise, more and more complex credit risk measurement models have been developed helping to mitigate this risk. At this point, Peruvian regulators are not unaware of this reality and confirm the need to regulate practices in credit risk, guided by an international current in which international organizations urge financial companies to carry out adequate risk management. Therefore, this thesis, seeking to describe good credit risk management practices, carried out a qualitative investigation, interviews were carried out with the main functionaries of the risk area, where tabulations are made and the statistical information of the financial statements of the entities is contrasted, also the results are contrasted with public evidence obtained from the annual reports, independent auditors and the literature found regarding the research problem. It was possible to describe those good practices within the sector, evidencing a congruence among all the banking entities studied that seek to manage their loans better and better to obtain excellent results, thus finding the relationship between the variables, good practices in the management of credit risk and financial performance.
Every entity that make economic transactions, sale of goods and services are exposed to credit risk, however, there is an economic sector, the finance sector, where the credit risk appears as a fundamental factor in their operations. Within this sector are banking entities dedicated to the granting of loans, which have as major problem the management of the credit risk that this entails. It has been applied diverse studies about the credit risk. Several studies have been applied about credit risk (Hsiao et al., 2010; Apostolik et al., 2011; Bodemer, 2017); likewise, more and more complex credit risk measurement models have been developed helping to mitigate this risk. At this point, Peruvian regulators are not unaware of this reality and confirm the need to regulate practices in credit risk, guided by an international current in which international organizations urge financial companies to carry out adequate risk management. Therefore, this thesis, seeking to describe good credit risk management practices, carried out a qualitative investigation, interviews were carried out with the main functionaries of the risk area, where tabulations are made and the statistical information of the financial statements of the entities is contrasted, also the results are contrasted with public evidence obtained from the annual reports, independent auditors and the literature found regarding the research problem. It was possible to describe those good practices within the sector, evidencing a congruence among all the banking entities studied that seek to manage their loans better and better to obtain excellent results, thus finding the relationship between the variables, good practices in the management of credit risk and financial performance.
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Keywords
Bancos--Perú, Instituciones financieras--Perú, Investigación cualitativa
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