Manejo del tiempo, procrastinación y estrés académico en universitarios de Lima, Perú
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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Abstract
El retorno a clases presenciales tras casi dos años de educación remota representa un desafío de
adaptación para los estudiantes universitarios. Por ello, este estudio analiza la relación entre el
manejo del tiempo y la procrastinación académica, así como el vínculo entre esta última con el
estrés académico en estudiantes de pregrado en Lima Metropolitana. La muestra consistió en
301 participantes, quienes completaron tres cuestionarios previamente validados en el contexto
peruano: la Escala de Manejo de Tiempo (TMBS), el Inventario SISCO del estrés académico y
la Escala de Procrastinación Académica (EPA). Una vez recopilados los datos, se analizaron
las relaciones entre las variables a través de un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales y se
compararon las medias por género mediante pruebas t. Los resultados mostraron que dos
dimensiones del manejo del tiempo (Establecimiento de objetivos y Percepción de control del
tiempo) predijeron las dimensiones de la procrastinación (Postergación de actividades y
Autorregulación académica). Estas, a su vez, predijeron la percepción de estresores y síntomas
físicos, psicológicos y comportamentales del estrés. Las regresiones significativas tuvieron una
magnitud leve a fuerte. Además, se encontraron diferencias significativas por género: las
mujeres reportaron un mayor uso de herramientas, preferencia por la organización y
experimentaron más estresores y síntomas de estrés que los hombres. Las diferencias
significativas tuvieron una magnitud pequeña a mediana. Se analizan las implicancias de estos
resultados para las intervenciones educativas y se proponen recomendaciones para futuras
investigaciones.
The transition back to in-person classes after nearly two years of remote education presents an adaptation challenge for university students. Accordingly, this study examines the relationship between time management and academic procrastination, as well as the link between procrastination and academic stress in undergraduate students from Metropolitan Lima. The sample consisted of 301 participants who completed three questionnaires previously validated in the Peruvian context: the Time Management Behavior Scale (TMBS), the SISCO Academic Stress Inventory, and the Academic Procrastination Scale (EPA). Once the data were collected, the relationships between the variables were analyzed using a structural equation modeling approach, and gender differences were assessed through t-tests. The results indicated that two dimensions of time management (Goal Setting and Perception of Time Control) significantly predicted two dimensions of procrastination (Task Delay and Academic Self-Regulation), which, in turn, predicted the perception of stressors and physical, psychological, and behavioral stress symptoms. The significant regression coefficients ranged from moderate to strong in magnitude. Additionally, gender differences were found: women reported higher use of tools, greater preference for organization, and experienced more stressors and stress symptoms than men. The effect sizes of these differences ranged from small to medium. The implications of these findings for educational interventions are discussed, and recommendations for future research are proposed.
The transition back to in-person classes after nearly two years of remote education presents an adaptation challenge for university students. Accordingly, this study examines the relationship between time management and academic procrastination, as well as the link between procrastination and academic stress in undergraduate students from Metropolitan Lima. The sample consisted of 301 participants who completed three questionnaires previously validated in the Peruvian context: the Time Management Behavior Scale (TMBS), the SISCO Academic Stress Inventory, and the Academic Procrastination Scale (EPA). Once the data were collected, the relationships between the variables were analyzed using a structural equation modeling approach, and gender differences were assessed through t-tests. The results indicated that two dimensions of time management (Goal Setting and Perception of Time Control) significantly predicted two dimensions of procrastination (Task Delay and Academic Self-Regulation), which, in turn, predicted the perception of stressors and physical, psychological, and behavioral stress symptoms. The significant regression coefficients ranged from moderate to strong in magnitude. Additionally, gender differences were found: women reported higher use of tools, greater preference for organization, and experienced more stressors and stress symptoms than men. The effect sizes of these differences ranged from small to medium. The implications of these findings for educational interventions are discussed, and recommendations for future research are proposed.
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