Memorias de resistencia y participación política de estudiantes de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos en torno al Estallido social (2022-2023)
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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La presente investigación buscó analizar los procesos de construcción de las memorias
por parte de las y los estudiantes de la UNMSM. De este modo, se propuso identificar y
describir los contenidos y significados, tensiones y debates entre las memorias en torno
al estallido social; describir sus mecanismos de transmisión; analizar la relación entre
las memorias del Conflicto Armado Interno (1980-2000) y las memorias del estallido
social (2022-2023); y analizar las formas de participación política y el rol que le adjudican
las y los estudiantes a la UNMSM. De este modo, se desarrolló una investigación
cualitativa de diseño etnográfico con estudiantes y docentes de la UNMSM. Se
realizaron entrevistas y se empleó la observación participante, el diario de campo y el
análisis de fuentes secundarias. A partir de lo expuesto, se concluye que las memorias
de resistencia sobre la toma de San Marcos por parte de estudiantes se construyen
desde la subalternidad. Estas buscan la visibilidad a través de diversos mecanismos de
transmisión de estas memorias, desde los relatos testimoniales y las prácticas artísticas.
De esta manera, buscan constituirse como memorias emblemáticas y se articulan con
memorias de luchas pasadas, dando cuenta de la presencia de continuidades con el
CAI, en las formas de violencia (terruqueo y amedrentamiento) y resistencia.
Finalmente, las y los estudiantes dan cuenta de un repertorio de prácticas aprendidas
desde la socialización política y presentan una mirada a futuro, que, a pesar de existir
elementos que dificultan buscan sostenerse desde el cuidado en comunidad.
This study aimed to analyze the memory construction processes of UNMSM students. The aim was to identify and describe the contents and meanings, as well as the tensions and debates between the memories around the social outbreak, describe their transmission mechanisms, analyze the relationship between memories of the Internal Armed Conflict (1980–2000) and memories of the social outbreak (2022–2023), and analyze the forms of political participation and the role students assign to the UNMSM. A qualitative ethnographic study was therefore conducted with students and teachers at the UNMSM. Interviews were conducted, and participant observation, field diaries and an analysis of secondary sources were employed. Based on these methods, it can be concluded that memories of the resistance to the occupation of San Marcos by students are shaped by subalternity. These memories seek visibility through various mechanisms of transmission, such as testimonial accounts and artistic practices. Through these mechanisms, they seek to establish themselves as emblematic memories, articulating them with memories of past struggles and demonstrating continuities with the CAI in terms of violence (such as terruqueo and intimidation) and resistance. Finally, the students demonstrate a repertoire of practices learned through political socialization and present a vision of the future. Despite the existence of elements that make this difficult, they seek to sustain themselves through community care.
This study aimed to analyze the memory construction processes of UNMSM students. The aim was to identify and describe the contents and meanings, as well as the tensions and debates between the memories around the social outbreak, describe their transmission mechanisms, analyze the relationship between memories of the Internal Armed Conflict (1980–2000) and memories of the social outbreak (2022–2023), and analyze the forms of political participation and the role students assign to the UNMSM. A qualitative ethnographic study was therefore conducted with students and teachers at the UNMSM. Interviews were conducted, and participant observation, field diaries and an analysis of secondary sources were employed. Based on these methods, it can be concluded that memories of the resistance to the occupation of San Marcos by students are shaped by subalternity. These memories seek visibility through various mechanisms of transmission, such as testimonial accounts and artistic practices. Through these mechanisms, they seek to establish themselves as emblematic memories, articulating them with memories of past struggles and demonstrating continuities with the CAI in terms of violence (such as terruqueo and intimidation) and resistance. Finally, the students demonstrate a repertoire of practices learned through political socialization and present a vision of the future. Despite the existence of elements that make this difficult, they seek to sustain themselves through community care.
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Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Estudiantes universitarios--Actividad política--Perú, Memoria colectiva--Perú, Manifestaciones--Perú, Arte--Aspectos políticos--Perú
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