Indicadores de cambio en salud mental en contextos de postconflicto armado interno en Ayacucho
Date
2021-03-01
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
En el Perú, la salud mental aún sigue siendo un tema poco atendido a nivel multisectorial,
cuya necesidad de ser abordada y promovida se hace más evidente por la situación de violencia
política vivida, principalmente, en las zonas rurales de nuestro país. A diecisiete años de la
presentación del Informe Final de la Comisión de la Verdad y Reconciliación, las políticas
implementadas en dichos temas aún no han logrado tener la efectividad y contundencia
requeridas.
Este estudio propone indicadores de cambio en salud mental en personas afectadas por el
conflicto armado interno, las cuales fueron elaboradas con el personal de salud en la ciudad de
Ayacucho. Los participantes fueron profesionales de diferentes organizaciones públicas y
privadas con experiencia de trabajo en salud mental con personas afectadas por el conflicto
armado interno. Este estudio es de tipo cualitativo para el que se utilizó entrevistas
semiestructuradas y grupo de discusión. Se realizó un análisis temático de los resultados y se
validó los indicadores de salud mental de forma participativa. Los resultados están enmarcados
en 3 dimensiones: personal, cultural y comunitaria. La primera dimensión señala la capacidad
para reconocer emociones y recursos a nivel personal. La segunda dimensión evidencia la
capacidad de validar los saberes tradicionales de salud mental, emprender y producir de forma
colaborativa. Finalmente, la tercera dimensión incluye la participación en espacios públicos y el
favorecer la organización comunitaria. Estos indicadores podrían permitir dar un seguimiento y
ajustar las intervenciones en salud mental en personas afectadas por el conflicto armado interno.
In Peru, mental health remains an underserved issue which needs to be addressed and promoted, and, it is most evident in the situation of political violence, which happened from 1980 to 2000 mainly in rural areas of Peru during the internal conflict. Even though seventeen years have passed since the Commission for Truth and Reconciliation emphasized the need for care and compensation to the victims, the policies implemented in these issues have not yet managed to have the effectiveness and forcefulness needed. This study proposes indicators of mental health change in people affected by such conflict; they were developed alongside the mental health staff in the city of Ayacucho. Highlyexperienced health professionals, who have worked directly with people mentally-affected by the conflict, took part in the study. This study is qualitative, which is why semi-structured interviews and focus groups were applied. A thorough thematic analysis was conducted and this led the indicators to be therefore validated in a participative manner. These indicators were split into three different categories: personal, cultural and community-oriented. The first category contained the ability to recognize emotions and resources on a personal level. The next category focused on the capability to validate mental health common knowledge factors, and, the ability to lead and be productive collaboratively. Finally, the third category included the participation in public areas and promotion in favor of community organization. Thus, these indicators of change should provide a proper follow-up of the case as well as the interventions in mental health of those directly-affected by the internal armed conflict.
In Peru, mental health remains an underserved issue which needs to be addressed and promoted, and, it is most evident in the situation of political violence, which happened from 1980 to 2000 mainly in rural areas of Peru during the internal conflict. Even though seventeen years have passed since the Commission for Truth and Reconciliation emphasized the need for care and compensation to the victims, the policies implemented in these issues have not yet managed to have the effectiveness and forcefulness needed. This study proposes indicators of mental health change in people affected by such conflict; they were developed alongside the mental health staff in the city of Ayacucho. Highlyexperienced health professionals, who have worked directly with people mentally-affected by the conflict, took part in the study. This study is qualitative, which is why semi-structured interviews and focus groups were applied. A thorough thematic analysis was conducted and this led the indicators to be therefore validated in a participative manner. These indicators were split into three different categories: personal, cultural and community-oriented. The first category contained the ability to recognize emotions and resources on a personal level. The next category focused on the capability to validate mental health common knowledge factors, and, the ability to lead and be productive collaboratively. Finally, the third category included the participation in public areas and promotion in favor of community organization. Thus, these indicators of change should provide a proper follow-up of the case as well as the interventions in mental health of those directly-affected by the internal armed conflict.
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Keywords
Psicología comunitaria, Salud mental--Perú, Víctimas de la violencia--Perú, Política de salud--Perú
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