“De la incubación al reforzamiento institucional”: Análisis de la relación entre el Tratado de Libre Comercio Perú- EE.UU. y la agenda ambiental peruana
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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Resumen
En 2006, el Perú firmó un Tratado de Libre Comercio (TLC) con Estados Unidos (EE. UU.),
promoviendo el intercambio de bienes y servicios, mientras se generaban intensos debates
públicos y políticos sobre sus posibles impactos negativos, especialmente en áreas sensibles
como el medio ambiente y propiedad intelectual, particularmente por el acceso a
medicamentos.
Más de una década después de la firma del acuerdo, esta tesis se propone evaluar el TLC no
solo como un instrumento comercial, sino también como una herramienta de impulso al
reforzamiento de la agencia estatal en la agenda ambiental. En esa línea, esta investigación
tiene como objetivo determinar cómo la negociación, suscripción e implementación del TLC
Perú-EE. UU. han incidido en el entorno normativo e institucional en materia ambiental en el
Perú, entre 2002 y 2010.
A partir de un marco teórico-conceptual de difusión normativa y de políticas, y de refuerzo de
la capacidad estatal, la tesis busca comprender el proceso de intersección entre las agendas
comerciales y ambientales contenidas en el TLC Perú-EE. UU. En ese entendimiento, la
investigación postula que los EE.UU. actuaron como emprendedores normativos que
socializaron estándares ambientales a nivel bilateral, primero con convenios de donación
bilaterales suscritos desde 1995, y luego con el Capítulo 18 y la inclusión tardía del Anexo
18.3.4 de manejo forestal en el TLC. Los compromisos adoptados por el Perú en el TLC
impulsaron notoriamente la reforma institucional y la aprobación normativa en materia
ambiental, reflejando así una incipiente fase de “interiorización” de las normas difundidas.
In 2006, Peru signed a Free Trade Agreement (FTA) with the United States (US), promoting the exchange of goods and services, while generating intense public and political debate about its possible negative impacts, especially in sensitive areas such as the environment and intellectual property, particularly access to medicines. More than a decade after the signing of the agreement, this thesis aims to evaluate the FTA not only as a trade instrument, but also as a tool for strengthening state agency in the environmental agenda. Along these lines, this research aims to determine how the negotiation, signing and implementation of the Peru-US FTA have impacted on the environment. This research aims to determine how the negotiation, signing and implementation of the Peru-US FTA have affected the regulatory and institutional environment in environmental matters in Peru between 2002 and 2010. Based on a theoretical-conceptual framework of regulatory and policy diffusion and state capacity building, the thesis seeks to understand the process of intersection between the trade and environmental agendas contained in the Peru-US FTA. In that understanding, the research postulates that the US acted as regulatory entrepreneurs that socialised environmental standards at the bilateral level, first with bilateral grant agreements signed since 1995, and then with Chapter 18 and the late inclusion of Annex 18.3.4 on forest management in the FTA. The commitments adopted by Peru in the FTA significantly boosted institutional reform and regulatory approval in environmental matters, thus reflecting an incipient phase of ‘internalisation’ of the disseminated norms.
In 2006, Peru signed a Free Trade Agreement (FTA) with the United States (US), promoting the exchange of goods and services, while generating intense public and political debate about its possible negative impacts, especially in sensitive areas such as the environment and intellectual property, particularly access to medicines. More than a decade after the signing of the agreement, this thesis aims to evaluate the FTA not only as a trade instrument, but also as a tool for strengthening state agency in the environmental agenda. Along these lines, this research aims to determine how the negotiation, signing and implementation of the Peru-US FTA have impacted on the environment. This research aims to determine how the negotiation, signing and implementation of the Peru-US FTA have affected the regulatory and institutional environment in environmental matters in Peru between 2002 and 2010. Based on a theoretical-conceptual framework of regulatory and policy diffusion and state capacity building, the thesis seeks to understand the process of intersection between the trade and environmental agendas contained in the Peru-US FTA. In that understanding, the research postulates that the US acted as regulatory entrepreneurs that socialised environmental standards at the bilateral level, first with bilateral grant agreements signed since 1995, and then with Chapter 18 and the late inclusion of Annex 18.3.4 on forest management in the FTA. The commitments adopted by Peru in the FTA significantly boosted institutional reform and regulatory approval in environmental matters, thus reflecting an incipient phase of ‘internalisation’ of the disseminated norms.
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Libre comercio--Perú, Política ambiental--Perú, Perú--Política comercial, Perú--Relaciones económicas exteriores--Estados Unidos, Estados Unidos--Relaciones económicas exteriores--Perú
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