Una aproximación sociocomunitaria a la experiencia de las mujeres con enfermedades crónicas genitourinarias en Lima
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Acceso al texto completo solo para la Comunidad PUCP
Resumen
La presente investigación analiza la influencia del sistema de salud, particularmente del
subsistema privado, en el apoyo social que experimentan las mujeres adultas jóvenes
diagnosticadas con enfermedades crónicas genitourinarias en Lima, Perú.
El estudio se basó en una perspectiva crítica y sociocomunitaria que entiende los procesos
de salud-enfermedad de forma integral y busca abordarlos desde la propia voz y
experiencia de las mujeres. Se emplearon métodos cualitativos, específicamente entrevistas
a profundidad con seis mujeres que permitieron la reconstrucción de sus itinerarios
terapéuticos adhoc a la enfermedad genitourinaria.
A nivel de resultados y conclusiones se afirma que la relación con el sistema de salud
privado, mediada por el vínculo médico-paciente, fue accidentada pero constante y formó
parte de la red social de cada una de las mujeres. Sin embargo, no contribuyó al proceso de
apoyo social mientras ellas transitaban la etapa inicial y la etapa más crítica de la
enfermedad. Por el contrario, las falencias en la atención por parte del sistema así como las
propias visiones y formas de las mujeres de vivir su salud-enfermedad obstaculizaron los
alcances y esfuerzos de la red de apoyo e impactaron negativamente en la experiencia de
ellas, pues conseguir médicos confiables y capaces de diagnosticar y brindar un tratamiento
adecuado se configuró en un factor estresor constante. Debido a esto, el establecimiento de
nuevas y mejores relaciones médico-paciente en determinado momento del itinerario de las
mujeres se configura en una condición fundamental para que el resto del sistema de apoyo
social tenga el impacto esperado en el restablecimiento de la salud, a la par que se afianzan
aprendizajes personales vinculados con la comprensión y abordaje de los propios procesos
de salud-enfermedad surgidos de la experiencia.
Se propone continuar investigando sobre apoyo social y el impacto que tiene en la salud y
bienestar de las personas con algún tipo de morbilidad crónica, en un contexto de
desatención del Estado y la urgencia de problematizar sobre cómo está respondiendo el
lado institucional del tejido social y cómo dialoga con otras estrategias y formas de
solución de las mujeres.
This research analyzed the influence of the health system, particularly the private system, on the social support experienced by young adult women diagnosed with chronic genitourinary diseases in Lima, Peru. The study relied on a qualitative approach and a critical and socio-community perspective that considers health-disease processes integrally and addresses them from the women’s voices and experiences. In-depth interviews with the six participating women allowed the recreation ad hoc of their therapeutic itineraries of the genitourinary diseases. The findings showed that the relationship with the private health system, mediated by the patient-practitioner link, was uneven but constant and took part in the interview partners’ social network. However, the link did not contribute to the social support process throughout the disease’s early and most critical stages. On the contrary, health service shortcomings, such as practitioners’ views and how the women lived their health-disease processes, hindered the support network’s reach and efforts and negatively impacted the women’s experiences. Difficulties contacting trustworthy practitioners capable of diagnosing and providing treatment according to the women’s needs were crucial. Accordingly, establishing new and better patient-practitioner relationships at a certain point significantly improved the itineraries because they established a fundamental and necessary condition for the rest of the social support system, enabling the expected impact on restoring their health. At the same time, better patient-practitioner relationships strengthened personal learning linked to the understanding and approach of their healthdisease processes arising from the experience. The analysis allows recommending the continuation of research addressing social support and its impact on the health and well-being of people with some type of chronic morbidity in a context of neglect by the state and the urgency of problematizing how the institutions within the social fabric respond and how they dialogue with other women’s strategies and solutions.
This research analyzed the influence of the health system, particularly the private system, on the social support experienced by young adult women diagnosed with chronic genitourinary diseases in Lima, Peru. The study relied on a qualitative approach and a critical and socio-community perspective that considers health-disease processes integrally and addresses them from the women’s voices and experiences. In-depth interviews with the six participating women allowed the recreation ad hoc of their therapeutic itineraries of the genitourinary diseases. The findings showed that the relationship with the private health system, mediated by the patient-practitioner link, was uneven but constant and took part in the interview partners’ social network. However, the link did not contribute to the social support process throughout the disease’s early and most critical stages. On the contrary, health service shortcomings, such as practitioners’ views and how the women lived their health-disease processes, hindered the support network’s reach and efforts and negatively impacted the women’s experiences. Difficulties contacting trustworthy practitioners capable of diagnosing and providing treatment according to the women’s needs were crucial. Accordingly, establishing new and better patient-practitioner relationships at a certain point significantly improved the itineraries because they established a fundamental and necessary condition for the rest of the social support system, enabling the expected impact on restoring their health. At the same time, better patient-practitioner relationships strengthened personal learning linked to the understanding and approach of their healthdisease processes arising from the experience. The analysis allows recommending the continuation of research addressing social support and its impact on the health and well-being of people with some type of chronic morbidity in a context of neglect by the state and the urgency of problematizing how the institutions within the social fabric respond and how they dialogue with other women’s strategies and solutions.
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Psicología comunitaria, Mujeres--Servicios de salud--Perú--Lima, Clínicas--Perú--Lima, Soporte social
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