Propuesta de revisión normativa sobre el despido por bajo rendimiento vinculado a problemas de salud mental derivados de riesgos psicosociales
Date
2025-03-12
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Acceso al texto completo solo para la Comunidad PUCP
Abstract
El presente trabajo analiza las deficiencias del marco normativo peruano respecto al despido
por bajo rendimiento vinculado a problemas de salud mental derivados de riesgos psicosociales.
Se examinan los incisos a) y b) del artículo 23 de la Ley de Productividad y Competitividad Laboral
(LPCL) y la Ley de Seguridad y Salud en el Trabajo (SST) para determinar si estas disposiciones
protegen de manera efectiva a los trabajadores con problemas de salud mental. La investigación
se fundamenta en instrumentos nacionales e internacionales, como la Convención sobre los
Derechos de las Personas con Discapacidad (ONU), directrices de la Organización Internacional
del Trabajo (OIT) y el derecho comparado de España, Francia y Alemania.
El análisis revela vacíos legales en la implementación de ajustes razonables y medidas
preventivas antes de proceder con el despido. Se propone una revisión del artículo 23 de la LPCL
para establecer la obligatoriedad de evaluaciones médicas y la aplicación de ajustes razonables
como requisito previo al despido. Asimismo, se recomienda fortalecer la Ley SST incorporando
disposiciones específicas para identificar y gestionar los riesgos psicosociales en el entorno
laboral.
Estas modificaciones buscan alinear la normativa peruana con estándares internacionales y
garantizar la protección de los derechos laborales, promoviendo un entorno laboral inclusivo y
respetuoso de la salud mental.
This paper analyzes the shortcomings of the Peruvian legal framework concerning dismissal due to poor performance linked to mental health issues arising from psychosocial risks. The study examines sections a) and b) of Article 23 of the Law on Productivity and Labor Competitiveness (LPCL) and the Law on Occupational Health and Safety (SST) to determine whether these provisions effectively protect workers with mental health problems. The research is based on national and international instruments, such as the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD), guidelines from the International Labour Organization (ILO), and comparative law from Spain, France, and Germany. The analysis reveals legal gaps in the implementation of reasonable accommodations and preventive measures before considering dismissal. It proposes revising Article 23 of the LPCL to mandate medical evaluations and the application of reasonable accommodations as prerequisites for dismissal. Additionally, strengthening the SST Law with specific provisions for identifying and managing psychosocial risks in the workplace is recommended. These reforms aim to align Peruvian regulations with international standards and ensure the protection of labor rights, fostering an inclusive work environment that respects mental health.
This paper analyzes the shortcomings of the Peruvian legal framework concerning dismissal due to poor performance linked to mental health issues arising from psychosocial risks. The study examines sections a) and b) of Article 23 of the Law on Productivity and Labor Competitiveness (LPCL) and the Law on Occupational Health and Safety (SST) to determine whether these provisions effectively protect workers with mental health problems. The research is based on national and international instruments, such as the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD), guidelines from the International Labour Organization (ILO), and comparative law from Spain, France, and Germany. The analysis reveals legal gaps in the implementation of reasonable accommodations and preventive measures before considering dismissal. It proposes revising Article 23 of the LPCL to mandate medical evaluations and the application of reasonable accommodations as prerequisites for dismissal. Additionally, strengthening the SST Law with specific provisions for identifying and managing psychosocial risks in the workplace is recommended. These reforms aim to align Peruvian regulations with international standards and ensure the protection of labor rights, fostering an inclusive work environment that respects mental health.
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Keywords
Despido de empleados--Legislación--Perú, Estabilidad laboral--Legislación--Perú, Derecho laboral--Legislación--Perú