Estructura urbana, movilidad y espacio público en ciudades metropolitanas
Date
2025-01-20
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
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Publisher
Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
Esta investigación estudia cómo se organiza el espacio urbano en cinco grandes ciudades:
Lima, París, Buenos Aires, Londres y São Paulo. El objetivo es evaluar si estas
ciudades dan más importancia al transporte en vehículos motorizados que a otros elementos
como parques, plazas y formas de transporte sostenible. El estudio examina
cómo se distribuyen estos espacios en la superficie de cada ciudad hasta 2020.
Para realizar este estudio, se compararon las cinco ciudades analizando cómo se usa
el terreno y considerando datos de población. Se estudió el área urbana continua de
cada ciudad, midiendo qué proporción ocupan las calles, las áreas verdes, los cuerpos
de agua (espacios azules) y el resto de la zona urbanizada.
Los resultados muestran que la mayoría de estas ciudades privilegian el transporte
motorizado: las calles y avenidas ocupan entre 10% y 25% del espacio total, mientras
que las áreas públicas abiertas solo representan entre 3% y 30%. En Lima y Buenos
Aires, hay muchas más calles que áreas verdes. En cambio, París, Londres y São Paulo
tienen más espacios abiertos, aunque esta proporción ha cambiado con el tiempo.
Este estudio demuestra que es necesario replantear cómo se distribuye el espacio en
las ciudades para lograr un reparto más equilibrado y sostenible. La tesis sugiere mejorar
la planificación urbana dando más importancia a la creación de espacios públicos,
la incorporación de espacios con agua y el desarrollo de mejores opciones de transporte
sostenible. Estas mejoras buscan aumentar la calidad de vida en las ciudades y
promover un desarrollo urbano más coherente y amigable con el ambiente.
This research analyses the urban structure of five metropolitan cities (Lima, Paris, Buenos Aires, London and São Paulo) with the aim of determining to what extent there is a prioritisation of motorised transport over other elements such as public spaces and sustainable mobility. The research focuses on studying the proportionality of these components within the surface urban structure of each city up to the year 2020. The methodology employed consists of a comparative spatial analysis of the five cities, using land use data and population statistics. The study area is delimited considering the urban continuum, and indicators are established to quantify the proportion of spaces allocated to roadways, green areas, blue spaces and the rest of the urban footprint. The results reveal that in most of the cities studied, there is a clear prioritisation of motorised transport, occupying between 10% and 25% of the total space, whilst open spaces represent only between 3% and 30%. Cities such as Lima and Buenos Aires show a marked preponderance of roadways to the detriment of green areas. On the other hand, cities like Paris, London and São Paulo show a higher proportion of open spaces, albeit with varying trends over time. These findings evidence the need to rethink land use policies and urban planning to achieve a more sustainable and equitable balance in the distribution of urban space. The thesis proposes strategies to improve the planning process, such as adopting a comprehensive approach that prioritises the creation of public spaces, the integration of blue spaces and better forms of sustainable mobility, in order to improve the quality of life in cities and move towards more coherent and sustainable urban development.
This research analyses the urban structure of five metropolitan cities (Lima, Paris, Buenos Aires, London and São Paulo) with the aim of determining to what extent there is a prioritisation of motorised transport over other elements such as public spaces and sustainable mobility. The research focuses on studying the proportionality of these components within the surface urban structure of each city up to the year 2020. The methodology employed consists of a comparative spatial analysis of the five cities, using land use data and population statistics. The study area is delimited considering the urban continuum, and indicators are established to quantify the proportion of spaces allocated to roadways, green areas, blue spaces and the rest of the urban footprint. The results reveal that in most of the cities studied, there is a clear prioritisation of motorised transport, occupying between 10% and 25% of the total space, whilst open spaces represent only between 3% and 30%. Cities such as Lima and Buenos Aires show a marked preponderance of roadways to the detriment of green areas. On the other hand, cities like Paris, London and São Paulo show a higher proportion of open spaces, albeit with varying trends over time. These findings evidence the need to rethink land use policies and urban planning to achieve a more sustainable and equitable balance in the distribution of urban space. The thesis proposes strategies to improve the planning process, such as adopting a comprehensive approach that prioritises the creation of public spaces, the integration of blue spaces and better forms of sustainable mobility, in order to improve the quality of life in cities and move towards more coherent and sustainable urban development.
Description
Keywords
Vehículos de motor, Urbanismo--Perú--Lima, Urbanismo--Brazil--Sao Paulo, Urbanismo--Francia--París, Urbanismo--Argentina--Buenos Aires, Urbanismo--Inglaterra--Londres, Espacio público