Teorías subjetivas acerca de la enseñanza de la escritura académica en docentes de un curso universitario de redacción
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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Resumen
En educación superior, se enseña a escribir para lograr la inclusión y participación efectiva de
los estudiantes en las prácticas comunicativas propias del nivel terciario y sus campos disciplinares.
Para ello, las universidades implementan dispositivos como los cursos de escritura de primer año. En
estos, los docentes desarrollan prácticas de enseñanza relacionadas con teorías subjetivas. El objetivo
de este trabajo es conocer las teorías subjetivas de un grupo de profesores a cargo de un taller de
escritura, dirigido a futuros estudiantes de Ingeniería, en una universidad privada de Lima. Como
objetivo emergente, se caracterizó el caso de la enseñanza en esa asignatura desde la perspectiva de
los docentes. En este estudio cualitativo, participaron cinco profesores, cuatro formados en Literatura
y uno en Lingüística, con varios años de experiencia. Se realizaron entrevistas en profundidad
orientadas a la reflexión y los datos se analizaron con procedimientos de codificación y producción
memos de la teoría fundamentada, con apoyo del software ATLAS.ti 9. Entre los resultados, se
reconstruye una teoría subjetiva central, según la cual los docentes conciben la enseñanza de la
escritura académica como un desafío constante, de modo que ejercen su rol con una certeza de
efectividad en continuo cuestionamiento. Entre otras teorías, usualmente de alcance teórico
restringido, progresivas y mantenedoras de la acción, destacan las relativas a las características del
texto (enfoque en el producto) y a las estrategias didácticas (análisis de modelos, la escritura en aula
y la revisión). Finalmente, se plantean algunas implicaciones como la necesidad de profesionalizar el
rol de docentes de escritura académica.
In higher education, writing is taught to achieve the inclusion and effective participation of students in the communicative practices specific to the tertiary level and their disciplinary fields. To this end, universities implement mechanisms such as first-year writing courses. In these, instructors develop teaching practices related to subjective theories. The objective of this research is to understand the subjective theories of a group of instructors leading a writing workshop for prospective engineering students at a private university in Lima. As an emerging objective, the case of the teaching into this subject was characterized from the instructors' perspective. Five teachers participated in this qualitative study: four trained in Literature and one in Linguistics, with several years of experience. Indepth reflection-oriented interviews were conducted, and data were analyzed using grounded theory coding and memo production procedures, supported by ATLAS.ti 9. Among the results, a central subjective theory is reconstructed, according to which teachers conceive the teaching of academic writing as a constant challenge, so that they exercise their role with a certainty of effectiveness in continuous questioning. Among other theories, usually of restricted theoretical level, progressive, and action-maintaining, the most notable are those related to text characteristics (product-focused) and teaching strategies (model analysis, classroom writing, and revision). Finally, some implications are raised, such as the need to professionalize the role of academic writing teachers.
In higher education, writing is taught to achieve the inclusion and effective participation of students in the communicative practices specific to the tertiary level and their disciplinary fields. To this end, universities implement mechanisms such as first-year writing courses. In these, instructors develop teaching practices related to subjective theories. The objective of this research is to understand the subjective theories of a group of instructors leading a writing workshop for prospective engineering students at a private university in Lima. As an emerging objective, the case of the teaching into this subject was characterized from the instructors' perspective. Five teachers participated in this qualitative study: four trained in Literature and one in Linguistics, with several years of experience. Indepth reflection-oriented interviews were conducted, and data were analyzed using grounded theory coding and memo production procedures, supported by ATLAS.ti 9. Among the results, a central subjective theory is reconstructed, according to which teachers conceive the teaching of academic writing as a constant challenge, so that they exercise their role with a certainty of effectiveness in continuous questioning. Among other theories, usually of restricted theoretical level, progressive, and action-maintaining, the most notable are those related to text characteristics (product-focused) and teaching strategies (model analysis, classroom writing, and revision). Finally, some implications are raised, such as the need to professionalize the role of academic writing teachers.
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Escritura académica--Estudio y enseñanza, Personal docente--Actitudes
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