Aprovisionamiento de obsidiana, movilidad y relaciones intergrupales de los cazadores – recolectores del Pleistoceno Final - Holoceno Temprano de la Costa Surcentral: El caso de Pampa Lechuza en la Quebrada De Pozo Santo (Departamento de Ica, Perú)
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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Esta tesis evalúa los modos de aprovisionamiento de un tipo específico de materia prima,
la obsidiana, utilizada por grupos de cazadores-recolectores que ocuparon de manera
sucesiva y recurrente el oasis de Pampa Lechuza, ubicado en la Quebrada de Pozo Santo,
en el actual Departamento de Ica, en la costa surcentral del Perú durante el Pleistoceno
Final - Holoceno Temprano.
Para ello, se realiza una caracterización geoquímica, tecnológica y morfológica de una
muestra de 682 especímenes de obsidiana recolectados en el sitio. Además, se comparan
los patrones de variabilidad observados en esta muestra con los patrones teóricos
esperados según dos modelos generales de aprovisionamiento de materias primas
formulados para grupos de cazadores-recolectores a partir de datos arqueológicos y
etnográficos: el modelo de aprovisionamiento por acceso directo y el modelo de
aprovisionamiento mediante intercambio.
Aunque estos dos modelos no son mutuamente excluyentes, los resultados de la
investigación sugieren que es más probable que los grupos de cazadores-recolectores de
Pampa Lechuza hayan obtenido la obsidiana por intercambio con otros grupos similares,
en lugar de acceder directamente a las fuentes. En este sentido, esta tesis contribuye al
entendimiento de los patrones de movilidad e interacción social de los grupos de
cazadores-recolectores que habitaron la costa surcentral del Perú durante el Pleistoceno
Final - Holoceno Temprano.
This thesis examines the procurement strategies of obsidian, a specific type of raw material used by hunter-gatherer groups who repeatedly and successively occupied the Pampa Lechuza oasis, located in the Pozo Santo ravine in present-day Ica, on the southcentral coast of Peru, during the Late Pleistocene–Early Holocene. To this end, a geochemical, technological, and morphological analysis was conducted on a sample of 682 obsidian specimens collected from the site. The variability patterns observed in this sample were then compared with the theoretical expectations of two general raw material procurement models developed for hunter-gatherer groups based on archaeological and ethnographic data: the direct access model and the exchange model. Although these two models are not mutually exclusive, the findings suggest that the hunter-gatherer groups of Pampa Lechuza were more likely to have acquired obsidian through exchange with other similar groups rather than by directly accessing the sources. In this sense, this thesis contributes to the understanding of mobility patterns and social interactions among the hunter-gatherer groups that inhabited the south-central coast of Peru during the Late Pleistocene–Early Holocene.
This thesis examines the procurement strategies of obsidian, a specific type of raw material used by hunter-gatherer groups who repeatedly and successively occupied the Pampa Lechuza oasis, located in the Pozo Santo ravine in present-day Ica, on the southcentral coast of Peru, during the Late Pleistocene–Early Holocene. To this end, a geochemical, technological, and morphological analysis was conducted on a sample of 682 obsidian specimens collected from the site. The variability patterns observed in this sample were then compared with the theoretical expectations of two general raw material procurement models developed for hunter-gatherer groups based on archaeological and ethnographic data: the direct access model and the exchange model. Although these two models are not mutually exclusive, the findings suggest that the hunter-gatherer groups of Pampa Lechuza were more likely to have acquired obsidian through exchange with other similar groups rather than by directly accessing the sources. In this sense, this thesis contributes to the understanding of mobility patterns and social interactions among the hunter-gatherer groups that inhabited the south-central coast of Peru during the Late Pleistocene–Early Holocene.
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Obsidiana--Perú--Andes, Región, Piedras--Análisis, Ica--Restos arqueológicos, Cazadores-recolectores