Conciencia política e identidad en las marchas de noviembre de 2020
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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En la presente investigación se propuso explorar los constructos de Conciencia Política e
Identidad en las Marchas de Noviembre de 2020, a partir de la Experiencia Política de
estudiantes universitarios; de este objetivo se desprenden tres objetivos específicos:
1) Explorar los motivos para la participación en las Marchas, 2) Identificar las dimensiones
de Conciencia Política activadas y 3) Describir las Identidades salientes relativas a la
participación en las Marchas. Para tal fin, se entrevistó a catorce estudiantes de universidades
privadas de Lima Metropolitana que participaron de las Marchas y se realizó un análisis
temático de la información obtenida. A partir de este se obtuvieron cuatro categorías:
1) Experiencia Política previa de los participantes, 2) Proceso de participación de las
Marchas, 3) Conciencia Política de los participantes y 4) Identidad Personal o Social de los
participantes. Sobre la Experiencia Política previa de los participantes, esta fue heterogénea,
lo cual pudo haber afectado los motivos y el compromiso con las Marchas, aspectos que
divergieron considerablemente. En relación al proceso de participación de las Marchas, fue
influenciado por la violencia policial. Respecto a la Conciencia Política, existieron tres
dimensiones del modelo de Sandoval y da Silva (2016) que fueron ampliamente compartidas
por los participantes: Sentimientos respecto los Adversarios, Intereses Colectivos y Eficacia
Política. Por último, acerca de la Identidad, no hubo una Identidad compartida por los
participantes, sino diversas Identidades. Adicionalmente, en relación a las consecuencias
prácticas de la investigación, esta permite visibilizar la heterogeneidad de los asistentes a las
Marchas.
The present investigation has the purpose of exploring, by the political participation experience of university students, the Political Consciousness and Identity constructs that belong to the participants of the Marches of November 2020. From this general objective, it derives three specific objectives: 1) To explore the motives for participants’ mobilization, 2) To identify the Political Consciousness’s dimensions that were activated in the participants and 3) To describe the students’ salient identities that were related to the experience of mobilizations. To achieve this, fourteen interviews were conducted on students from Limeñan private universities and, subsequently, a Thematic Analysis was developed with the obtained data. From this Analysis, four categories were attained: 1) Students’ previous political experience, 2) Mobilizations’ process, 3) Political Consciousness of the students and 4) Personal and Social Identity of the students’. About the Students’ previous political experience, it can be stated that was heterogeneous, which could affect their motives and their compromise with the Marches, aspects that were widely diverged. Regarding the mobilizations’ process, police violence was influential to it. About the Political Consciousness, there were three dimensions of Sandoval’s and da Silva’s theoretic model that were shared by the participants: Feelings about adversaries, Collective interests and Political efficiency. Lastly, it can be stated that there wasn’t an unique shared identity, but different identities. Additionally, about the practical consequences of the study, it allows to show the diversity of the participants of the Marches of November 2020.
The present investigation has the purpose of exploring, by the political participation experience of university students, the Political Consciousness and Identity constructs that belong to the participants of the Marches of November 2020. From this general objective, it derives three specific objectives: 1) To explore the motives for participants’ mobilization, 2) To identify the Political Consciousness’s dimensions that were activated in the participants and 3) To describe the students’ salient identities that were related to the experience of mobilizations. To achieve this, fourteen interviews were conducted on students from Limeñan private universities and, subsequently, a Thematic Analysis was developed with the obtained data. From this Analysis, four categories were attained: 1) Students’ previous political experience, 2) Mobilizations’ process, 3) Political Consciousness of the students and 4) Personal and Social Identity of the students’. About the Students’ previous political experience, it can be stated that was heterogeneous, which could affect their motives and their compromise with the Marches, aspects that were widely diverged. Regarding the mobilizations’ process, police violence was influential to it. About the Political Consciousness, there were three dimensions of Sandoval’s and da Silva’s theoretic model that were shared by the participants: Feelings about adversaries, Collective interests and Political efficiency. Lastly, it can be stated that there wasn’t an unique shared identity, but different identities. Additionally, about the practical consequences of the study, it allows to show the diversity of the participants of the Marches of November 2020.
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Manifestaciones--Perú--Lima Metropolitana, Juventud--Actividad política, Policía--Control social, Seguridad ciudadana
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