Respuesta sísmica de un edificio con sistema de aislamiento tipo LRB y amortiguadores viscosos complementarios para la sismicidad peruana
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Date
2020-01-23
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
Los proyectos con aislamiento sísmico se están incrementando a nivel nacional,
incluso la norma sísmica peruana E-030 establece que se deben usar aisladores
sísmicos en hospitales ubicados en la zona sísmica 4 y 3 del mapa sísmico del
Perú. Es aceptado también que puede haber edificios aislados en suelos S1, S2
y S3.
En edificios aislados que están sobre suelos tipo S3 y en zona sísmica 4 para un
mismo amortiguamiento se obtienen los mayores valores de desplazamiento de
la base aislada. Esto implica utilizar conexiones flexibles que acomoden dicho
desplazamiento, además en algunos casos estos desplazamientos ocasionan
que exista una menor área utilizable del edificio.
Una de las alternativas para reducir dichos desplazamientos es la colocación de
Amortiguadores Viscosos complementarios en la base del edificio aislado los
cuales adicionan amortiguamiento al sistema de aislamiento.
En esta investigación se evaluó un modelo matemático de un edificio de 05 pisos
que tiene aisladores elastoméricos LRB, ubicado en la zona sísmica 4 y sobre
un suelo S3. Dicho modelo fue analizado luego con Amortiguadores Viscosos
complementarios dispuestos en 5 condiciones diferentes de amortiguamiento:
15%, 30%, 45%, 60% y 75%. Para todos los análisis se utilizaron 7 señales
sísmicas espectro-compatibles. Se obtuvieron reducciones del Desplazamiento
de la base aislada hasta de un 30% de su valor inicial. Se analizó la variación de
las respuestas (Aceleraciones, Derivas, Fuerzas Cortantes, Energía Disipada)
en función del incremento de amortiguamiento. Se verificó que para la sismicidad
peruana la combinación de aisladores y amortiguadores tiende a incrementar las
respuestas sísmicas de la superestructura.
Projects with seismic isolation are increasing at Peru, even the Peruvian Seismic Standard establishes that seismic isolators must be used in hospitals located in seismic zone 4 and 3 of Peruvian seismic map. Is also accepted that there may be isolated buildings on soils S0, S1, S2 and S3. In isolated buildings that are on soil type S3 and in seismic zone 4, maximum displacement values are obtained. This implies the use of flexible connections; in addition in some cases these displacements cause that there is a smaller usable area of the building. One alternative to reduce these displacements is the use of Supplementary Viscous Dampers in the base of isolated building which adds damping to isolation system. In this research, a mathematical model of a 5-story building with elastomeric isolators, located in seismic zone 4 and soil type S3 was evaluated. This model was then analyzed with Supplementary Viscous Dampers, considering 5 different conditions of critical damping ratio: 15%, 30%, 45%, 60% and 75%. For all analyzes, 7 time-history records compatible with Peruvian seismicity were used. Displacement reductions of isolated base were obtained up to 30% of its initial value. The variation of responses (Accelerations, Drifts, Shear Forces, and Dissipated Energy) was analyzed as a function of the damping increasing. It was verified that the Peruvian seismicity combination of isolators and dampers tends to increase the seismic responses of the superstructure.
Projects with seismic isolation are increasing at Peru, even the Peruvian Seismic Standard establishes that seismic isolators must be used in hospitals located in seismic zone 4 and 3 of Peruvian seismic map. Is also accepted that there may be isolated buildings on soils S0, S1, S2 and S3. In isolated buildings that are on soil type S3 and in seismic zone 4, maximum displacement values are obtained. This implies the use of flexible connections; in addition in some cases these displacements cause that there is a smaller usable area of the building. One alternative to reduce these displacements is the use of Supplementary Viscous Dampers in the base of isolated building which adds damping to isolation system. In this research, a mathematical model of a 5-story building with elastomeric isolators, located in seismic zone 4 and soil type S3 was evaluated. This model was then analyzed with Supplementary Viscous Dampers, considering 5 different conditions of critical damping ratio: 15%, 30%, 45%, 60% and 75%. For all analyzes, 7 time-history records compatible with Peruvian seismicity were used. Displacement reductions of isolated base were obtained up to 30% of its initial value. The variation of responses (Accelerations, Drifts, Shear Forces, and Dissipated Energy) was analyzed as a function of the damping increasing. It was verified that the Peruvian seismicity combination of isolators and dampers tends to increase the seismic responses of the superstructure.
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Keywords
Edificios--Diseño antisísmico, Diseño de estructuras--Aisladores