Formas de identificación de los “no creyentes”: una etnografía sobre agnósticos y ateos en Lima
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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Resumen
En las últimas décadas, el número de personas que declaran pertenecer a la categoría
“ninguna” religión ha aumentado sostenidamente en América Latina, dentro de la cual
se suele ubicar la minoría “no creyente”. El objetivo de esta investigación es analizar las
narrativas de autoidentificación de agnósticos y ateos de clase media, y las maneras en
que identifican o caracterizan a los otros “no creyentes” y a los creyentes en Lima
metropolitana. De este modo, analizo las formas en que los agnósticos y ateos
conceptualizan y viven sus propias convicciones y principios, y las formas en que
describen su interrelación con la sociedad mayoritariamente creyente en los ámbitos
familiar, social y laboral. Así, busco interpretar las formas de disfrute o sufrimiento que,
por la exposición de su agnosticismo o ateísmo, estas personas han experimentado en
sus vidas. La metodología cualitativa se centró en la aplicación de entrevistas
semiestructuradas a agnósticos y ateos de clase media, quienes, en su mayoría, fueron
introducidos a temprana edad en la religión católica. Además, realicé observación
participante en un evento presencial de ateos en Lima, así como observación no
participante de eventos e interacciones de agnósticos y ateos en comunidades virtuales.
Uno de los principales hallazgos de la investigación es la compleja heterogeneidad de
la minoría “no creyente” de agnósticos y ateos, con respecto de sus propias
identificaciones y vínculos con la religiosidad y la espiritualidad, además de sus
percepciones sobre las religiones e iglesias en el país y sus posiciones políticas sobre
el Estado laico.
In recent decades, the number of people who declare that they belong to the “no religion” category has steadily increased in Latin America, within which the “non-believer” minority is usually located. The objective of this research is to analyze the self-identification narratives of middle-class agnostics and atheists, and how they characterize other “nonbelievers” and believers in Lima. In this way, I analyze how they conceptualize and live their convictions and principles, as well as how they describe their interactions with the largely religious society that surrounds them in the family, social and work environments. Thus, I seek to interpret the forms of enjoyment or suffering that, due to the exposure of their agnosticism or atheism, these people have experienced in their lives. The qualitative methodology focused on the application of semi-structured interviews with middle-class agnostics and atheists, most of whom were introduced to the Catholic religion at an early age. I also conducted participant observation at an atheist event in Lima and non-participant observation in virtual communities. One of the main findings of the research is the complex heterogeneity of the minority “non-believers” of agnostics and atheists, regarding their own identifications, and links to religiosity and spirituality, together with their perceptions of religions and churches in the country and their political positions on the secular state.
In recent decades, the number of people who declare that they belong to the “no religion” category has steadily increased in Latin America, within which the “non-believer” minority is usually located. The objective of this research is to analyze the self-identification narratives of middle-class agnostics and atheists, and how they characterize other “nonbelievers” and believers in Lima. In this way, I analyze how they conceptualize and live their convictions and principles, as well as how they describe their interactions with the largely religious society that surrounds them in the family, social and work environments. Thus, I seek to interpret the forms of enjoyment or suffering that, due to the exposure of their agnosticism or atheism, these people have experienced in their lives. The qualitative methodology focused on the application of semi-structured interviews with middle-class agnostics and atheists, most of whom were introduced to the Catholic religion at an early age. I also conducted participant observation at an atheist event in Lima and non-participant observation in virtual communities. One of the main findings of the research is the complex heterogeneity of the minority “non-believers” of agnostics and atheists, regarding their own identifications, and links to religiosity and spirituality, together with their perceptions of religions and churches in the country and their political positions on the secular state.
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Agnóstico--Perú--Lima Metropolitana, Ateo--Perú--Lima Metropolitana, Autopercepción, Clase media--Perú--Lima Metropolitana
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