Redistribución de los recursos mineros para el cierre de brechas al interior del país
Date
2023-10-31
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú.
Abstract
Los resultados de las transferencias de los recursos procedentes de la actividad minera
hacia los gobiernos subnacionales, principalmente del Canon Minero (desde 1997) y la
Regalía Minera (desde el 2004), además del Derecho de Vigencia, por encima de otros
recursos naturales no renovables, revelan que no han tenido los beneficios esperados para
conseguir el cierre de brechas en infraestructura y servicios públicos básicos, llegando a
ser deficiente e ineficaz en este propósito. Por el contrario, ocasionó otros efectos no
deseados como el registro de saldos presupuestales sin gastar, pereza fiscal y una
deficiencia en la gestión pública en los distritos con mayores beneficios.
Frente a este problema, se propone un esquema alternativo de transferencias, que elimina
el criterio geográfico de reparto al interior de cada departamento productor, con el fin único
de cerrar de brechas de forma gradual, priorizando el mayor impacto en el bienestar de
los hogares y la ciudadanía, entregando el 50% de la renta minera (Canon Minero, Regalía
Minera y el Derecho de Vigencia Minera) a los gobiernos locales en función a un “Índice
departamental de cierre de brechas” y el otro 50% a los gobiernos regionales, incluido las
instituciones de educación superior, financiando el Fondo de Inversión Regional (FIR). El
FIR, independiente para cada departamento productor, y de característica intangible y
transparente, financiaría proyectos de inversión pública y proyectos productivos que
cierren brechas y generen el mayor impacto interdistrital e interprovincial.
The results of the transfers of resources from mining activity to subnational governments, mainly from the Mining Canon (since 1997) and the Mining Royalty (since 2004), in addition to the Right of Validity, above other non-renewable natural resources, reveal that they have not had the expected benefits to achieve the closing of gaps in infrastructure and basic public services. becoming deficient and ineffective in this purpose. On the contrary, it caused other undesirable effects such as the registration of unspent budget balances, fiscal laziness and a deficiency in public management in the districts with greater benefits. Faced with this problem, an alternative transfer scheme is proposed, which eliminates the geographical criterion of distribution within each producing department, with the sole purpose of closing gaps, prioritizing the greatest impact on the well-being of households and citizens, delivering 50% of mining income (Mining Canon, Mining Royalty and the Right of Mining Validity) to local governments based on a "Departmental Index of closure of gaps" and the other 50% to regional governments, including higher education institutions, by financing the Regional Investment Fund (FIR). The FIR of each producing department, with an intangible and transparent characteristic, would finance public investment projects and productive projects that close gaps and generate the greatest interdistrict and interprovincial impact.
The results of the transfers of resources from mining activity to subnational governments, mainly from the Mining Canon (since 1997) and the Mining Royalty (since 2004), in addition to the Right of Validity, above other non-renewable natural resources, reveal that they have not had the expected benefits to achieve the closing of gaps in infrastructure and basic public services. becoming deficient and ineffective in this purpose. On the contrary, it caused other undesirable effects such as the registration of unspent budget balances, fiscal laziness and a deficiency in public management in the districts with greater benefits. Faced with this problem, an alternative transfer scheme is proposed, which eliminates the geographical criterion of distribution within each producing department, with the sole purpose of closing gaps, prioritizing the greatest impact on the well-being of households and citizens, delivering 50% of mining income (Mining Canon, Mining Royalty and the Right of Mining Validity) to local governments based on a "Departmental Index of closure of gaps" and the other 50% to regional governments, including higher education institutions, by financing the Regional Investment Fund (FIR). The FIR of each producing department, with an intangible and transparent characteristic, would finance public investment projects and productive projects that close gaps and generate the greatest interdistrict and interprovincial impact.
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Keywords
Minas y riquezas minerales--Impuestos--Perú, Distribución del ingreso--Perú, Gobiernos subnacionales--Perú
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