El derecho civil familiar y matrimonial del periodo borbónico, virreinato del Perú, siglo XVIII. El caso del juicio de oposición matrimonial entre el capitán Victoriano Carrasco contra su hijo José Leandro Carrasco, Huarmaca - Piura, Trujillo, año 1780
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2025-03-17
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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Abstract
La investigación comprende el proceso judicial de oposición matrimonial que
enfrenta a un hijo que sobrepasa los 34 años que pretende casarse con una “india”
contra la oposición paterna, que no autorizó el matrimonio por ser “desigual”. El
sustento de la oposición es la Pragmática de 27 de marzo de 1776. Un objetivo
esencial de esta investigación está dirigida a determinar la correlación existente entre
la decisión de casarse con pareja desigual en contra de la autoridad paterna y en
contra de valores tradicionales de la sociedad del siglo XVIII, como resistencias contra
el Estado Borbónico. El enfoque es multidisciplinario. Se utilizan los métodos histórico,
cualitativo e inductivo. Constituyen herramientas importantísimas en nuestro trabajo
y por supuesto el análisis del lenguaje social o del discurso dentro del contexto social,
acompañado con el análisis socioantropológico del Derecho.
La tesis aporta conclusiones importantes a aspectos poco abordados por la historia
jurídica. Se trata de fenómenos sociales de trascendencia social, jurídica y política. 1)
La vinculación de la obediencia paterna y la obediencia estatal; 2) Aspectos
esenciales del matrimonio, antes en poder de la iglesia pasan a depender del Estado
o Poder civil; 3) El rol que cumple el derecho para resolver los conflictos sociales (o
familiares como en el caso de estudio), pero también como instrumento para
conquistar libertades. Finalmente, 4) Establecer la trascendencia política que las
resistencias individuales tuvieron en la sociedad virreinal en las postrimerías del siglo
XVIII. Estas resistencias individuales en el entorno familiar manifestadas por los
subalternos; hijos, a través de conductas desobedientes y rebeldías individuales por
supuesto no estaban enlazadas entre sí. No respondían ni constituyeron parte de
ningún propósito político planificado y organizado de resistencia activa . Sin embargo,
lograron producir algunas sacudidas a los cimientos del poder despótico que el Estado
español impuso en una América que ya respiraba su independencia.
The investigation includes the judicial process of marriage opposition that pits a 36- year-old son who intends to marry an “Indian” against his father's opposition, who did not authorize the marriage because it was “unequal.” The basis of the opposition is the Pragmatics of March 27, 1776. An essential objective of this research is aimed at determining the correlation between the decision to marry an unequal partner against paternal authority and against traditional values of 18th century society, such as resistance against the Bourbon State. The approach is multidisciplinary. Historical, qualitative and inductive methods are used. They constitute very important tools in our work and of course the analysis of social language or discourse within the social context, accompanied by the socio-anthropological analysis of Law. The thesis provides important conclusions to aspects little addressed by legal history. These are social phenomena of social, legal, and political significance. 1) The linking of paternal obedience and state obedience; 2) Essential aspects of marriage, previously in the power of the church, become dependent on the State or civil Power; 3) The role that the law plays in resolving social conflicts (or family conflicts as in the case study), but also as an instrument to achieve freedoms. Finally, 4) Establish the political significance that individual resistance had in viceregal society at the end of the 18th century. These individual resistances in the family environment manifested by the subordinates; children, through disobedient behavior and individual rebellions were of course not linked to each other. They did not respond to nor were they part of any planned and organized political purpose of active resistance. However, they managed to produce some shakes to the foundations of the despotic power that the Spanish State imposed on an America that was already breathing its independence.
The investigation includes the judicial process of marriage opposition that pits a 36- year-old son who intends to marry an “Indian” against his father's opposition, who did not authorize the marriage because it was “unequal.” The basis of the opposition is the Pragmatics of March 27, 1776. An essential objective of this research is aimed at determining the correlation between the decision to marry an unequal partner against paternal authority and against traditional values of 18th century society, such as resistance against the Bourbon State. The approach is multidisciplinary. Historical, qualitative and inductive methods are used. They constitute very important tools in our work and of course the analysis of social language or discourse within the social context, accompanied by the socio-anthropological analysis of Law. The thesis provides important conclusions to aspects little addressed by legal history. These are social phenomena of social, legal, and political significance. 1) The linking of paternal obedience and state obedience; 2) Essential aspects of marriage, previously in the power of the church, become dependent on the State or civil Power; 3) The role that the law plays in resolving social conflicts (or family conflicts as in the case study), but also as an instrument to achieve freedoms. Finally, 4) Establish the political significance that individual resistance had in viceregal society at the end of the 18th century. These individual resistances in the family environment manifested by the subordinates; children, through disobedient behavior and individual rebellions were of course not linked to each other. They did not respond to nor were they part of any planned and organized political purpose of active resistance. However, they managed to produce some shakes to the foundations of the despotic power that the Spanish State imposed on an America that was already breathing its independence.
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Derecho civil--Legislación--Perú, Derecho de familia--Jurisprudencia--Perú, Consentimiento (Derecho)--Legislación--Perú, Derecho--Perú--Historia
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