Políticas de Aseguramiento de la Calidad: un análisis comparativo del procedimiento de licenciamiento universitario en Chile y Perú
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2022-09-10
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
En un mundo en constante transformación, las instituciones educativas en general y, las
universidades en particular, han tenido que ir adaptando su quehacer educativo al
entorno social, político, económico y tecnológico; no solamente para brindar una
educación pertinente y de calidad, sino también para cumplir con las exigencias del
mercado o de la autoridad administrativa. Y en ese devenir evolutivo, en las últimas
décadas, la educación superior universitaria ha transitado por dos caminos antagónicos:
la desregulación y privatización, por un lado, y, en la vereda de enfrente, el control y
supervisión Estatal, con consecuencias totalmente disímiles cada una. Es por ello que,
el objetivo de la presente investigación ha sido analizar de forma comparativa los
procedimientos de licenciamiento universitario en Chile y Perú. Desde un enfoque
cualitativo y empleándose el método de investigación documental se establecieron dos
categorías de análisis. La primera comprende las características del procedimiento de
licenciamiento universitario. La segunda, aborda las consecuencias de la denegación
del licenciamiento. Para la selección de la información se utilizó la técnica de análisis
documental, la cual ha sido sistematizada mediante el instrumento de matrices que
resulta de vital importancia para organizar y comparar la información recopilada.
Finalmente, del análisis y discusión de resultados nos ha permitido concluir que en
ambos países el licenciamiento es un proceso obligatorio, pero con alcances y
características diferentes. Por ejemplo, en el caso chileno solo es aplicable para
universidades privadas. En cambio, en el Perú es un procedimiento obligatorio para
todas las universidades con un carácter temporal y renovable. El plazo de duración en
Chile puede durar hasta nueve años; en cambio, en el Perú tiene un plazo legal de 120
días hábiles. Finalmente, pese a los diversos cuestionamientos que se han generado
en ambos países, el licenciamiento cumple un rol trascendental para el aseguramiento
de la calidad educativa que, si bien es cierto puede ser perfectible, resulta de vital
importancia para dejar atrás el laissez faire liberal del servicio educativo universitario;
logrando que éste sirva para garantizar el desarrollo humano sostenible.
In a world in constant transformation, educational institutions in general, and universities in particular, have had to adapt their educational activities to the social, political, economic and technological environment; not only to provide a relevant and quality education, but also to meet the demands of the market or the administrative authority. And in this evolutionary evolution, in the last decades, university higher education has gone through two antagonistic paths: deregulation and privatization, on the one hand, and, on the opposite side, State control and supervision, with very dissimilar consequences each. Therefore, the objective of this research is to analyze comparative university licensing procedures in Chile and Peru. From a qualitative approach and using the documentary research method, two categories of analysis were established. The first comprises the characteristics of the university licensing procedure. The second addresses the consequences of the denial of licensing. For the selection of the information, the documentary analysis technique was used, which has been systematized by means of the matrix instrument that is of vital importance to organize and compare the information collected. Finally, the analysis and discussion of the results permitted to conclude that in both countries licensing is a mandatory process, but with different scopes and characteristics. For example, in the Chilean case it is only applicable to private universities. On the other hand, in Peru it is a mandatory procedure for all universities, from temporary to renewable nature. The duration in Chile can last up to nine years; however, in Peru it has a legal time of 120 business days. Finally, despite the various questions that generated in both countries, licensing plays a transcendental role for the assurance of educational quality that, although it may be perfectible, it is vitally important to leave behind the liberal laissez faire of university educational service; making that this serves as a guarantee for a sustainable human development.
In a world in constant transformation, educational institutions in general, and universities in particular, have had to adapt their educational activities to the social, political, economic and technological environment; not only to provide a relevant and quality education, but also to meet the demands of the market or the administrative authority. And in this evolutionary evolution, in the last decades, university higher education has gone through two antagonistic paths: deregulation and privatization, on the one hand, and, on the opposite side, State control and supervision, with very dissimilar consequences each. Therefore, the objective of this research is to analyze comparative university licensing procedures in Chile and Peru. From a qualitative approach and using the documentary research method, two categories of analysis were established. The first comprises the characteristics of the university licensing procedure. The second addresses the consequences of the denial of licensing. For the selection of the information, the documentary analysis technique was used, which has been systematized by means of the matrix instrument that is of vital importance to organize and compare the information collected. Finally, the analysis and discussion of the results permitted to conclude that in both countries licensing is a mandatory process, but with different scopes and characteristics. For example, in the Chilean case it is only applicable to private universities. On the other hand, in Peru it is a mandatory procedure for all universities, from temporary to renewable nature. The duration in Chile can last up to nine years; however, in Peru it has a legal time of 120 business days. Finally, despite the various questions that generated in both countries, licensing plays a transcendental role for the assurance of educational quality that, although it may be perfectible, it is vitally important to leave behind the liberal laissez faire of university educational service; making that this serves as a guarantee for a sustainable human development.
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Calidad en la educación--Evaluación, Educación superior--Perú, Educción superior--Chile, Acreditación (Educación)--América Latina
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