Creencias docentes : el enfoque de género en la educación y la educación sexual en secundaria
Date
2018-11-27
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
Esta investigación tuvo como finalidad explorar las creencias docentes sobre el enfoque de
género en la educación y la educación sexual de un grupo de docentes de educación secundaria
de una institución educativa pública del distrito de Cerro Azul, provincia de Cañete. Para ello
se aplicó una entrevista a profundidad a seis docentes, tres hombres y tres mujeres, estructurada
en seis casos y trece preguntas abiertas distribuidas en dos áreas de creencias docentes: una
sobre educación sexual y otra sobre el enfoque de género en la educación. Los resultados
muestran tres creencias docentes centrales en relación a la sexualidad, el sexo y el género, que
influyen en cómo entienden la educación sexual y el enfoque de género: la sexualidad es
principalmente biológica, sexo y género es lo mismo, y la homosexualidad es anormal. Estas
creencias promueven la reproducción de modelos de riesgo y moralistas para abordar la
educación sexual y una visión negativa sobre el enfoque de género en la educación pues creen
que busca “homosexualizar” a sus estudiantes; empero, tienen un discurso de equidad entre
hombres y mujeres, desde donde el enfoque de género sería adecuado. Así existe un enfoque
inclusivo binario que funciona, pero las identidades de género son más difíciles de asumir.
También se encontró la presencia de dos creencias docentes contradictorias a las centrales:
respeto a personas orientación sexual distinta a la heterosexual, y la necesidad de hablar sobre
educación sexual en el aula.
The present study aimed to explore teachers' beliefs about gender approach in education and sex education in a group of high school teachers from a public school in Cerro Azul district, province of Cañete. To achieve this purpose, six teachers were interviewed, three men and three women, using an interview guide structured in six cases and thirteen open questions distributed in two specific areas about teachers' beliefs: one for gender approach in education and the other one for sex education. Results show three central teachers' beliefs relating to sexuality, sex and gender, which influence how teachers understand sex education and gender approach: sexuality is mainly biological, sex and gender are the same, and homosexuality is abnormal. These beliefs promote the reproduction of risk and moralist models to address sexual education and a negative view of the gender approach in education, because they believe that it seeks to “homosexualize” their students. However, they have an equity discourse between men and women, for which gender approach would be appropriate; this implies the existence of an inclusive binary approach that works, but gender identities are more difficult to assume. Results also show the presence of two teachers' beliefs that are contradictory to the central ones: respect towards people with a sexual orientation other than heterosexual, and the need to talk about sex education in classroom.
The present study aimed to explore teachers' beliefs about gender approach in education and sex education in a group of high school teachers from a public school in Cerro Azul district, province of Cañete. To achieve this purpose, six teachers were interviewed, three men and three women, using an interview guide structured in six cases and thirteen open questions distributed in two specific areas about teachers' beliefs: one for gender approach in education and the other one for sex education. Results show three central teachers' beliefs relating to sexuality, sex and gender, which influence how teachers understand sex education and gender approach: sexuality is mainly biological, sex and gender are the same, and homosexuality is abnormal. These beliefs promote the reproduction of risk and moralist models to address sexual education and a negative view of the gender approach in education, because they believe that it seeks to “homosexualize” their students. However, they have an equity discourse between men and women, for which gender approach would be appropriate; this implies the existence of an inclusive binary approach that works, but gender identities are more difficult to assume. Results also show the presence of two teachers' beliefs that are contradictory to the central ones: respect towards people with a sexual orientation other than heterosexual, and the need to talk about sex education in classroom.
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Keywords
Personal docente--Actitudes, Creencia y duda (Psicología), Educación sexual--Perú, Educación secundaria--Perú
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