Clima familiar y afrontamiento en adolescentes de nivel socioeconómico bajo de Lima Metropolitana
Date
2017-04-21
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo estudiar la relación entre el clima familiar
y el afrontamiento en adolescentes de nivel socioeconómico bajo de Lima
Metropolitana. Con este fin se evaluó a 116 adolescentes, 43 hombres (37.1%) y 73
mujeres (62.9%), entre los 13 y 18 años (M=15.41, DE=.942), que cursan el tercer
(17.2%), cuarto (34.5%) y quinto (48.3%) año de secundaria de un colegio estatal
ubicado en el asentamiento humano Laderas de Chillón, en el distrito de Puente Piedra.
Asimismo, de acuerdo al Método de las Necesidades Básicas Insatisfechas (NBI), se
obtuvo que el 43.1% vive en situación de pobreza, 31.9% en pobreza extrema y 25%
pertenecen a un nivel socioeconómico bajo. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron el
Cuestionario de Afrontamiento a través de situaciones revisado (CASQ-R) y la Escala
del Clima Socio Familiar (FES). Solo se halló relación significativa, aunque baja, entre
la sub dimensión de Cohesión del clima familiar y el afrontamiento de Aproximación
ante las situaciones problema con sus padres y consigo mismos. Asimismo, el
afrontamiento de Evitación correlacionó con la sub dimensión Cohesión ante la
situación problema Profesores. Adicionalmente, los resultados mostraron que los
adolescentes hacen mayor uso del afrontamiento de Aproximación, en el cual se
encuentran diferencias significativas respecto al grado de estudio y la estructura
familiar. Finalmente, se hallaron diferencias según sexo y nivel socioeconómico en la
sub dimensión Conflicto.
This research aimed to study the relationship between the Family Climate and Coping in adolescents of low socioeconomic level of metropolitan Lima. To this end, 116 adolescents were evaluated, 43 men (37.1%) and 73 women (62.9%), between 13 and 18 years old (M = 15.41, SD = .942), who study in third (17.2%), fourth (34.5%) and fifth (48.3%) high school year at a state school located in Laderas de Chillón, a slum in the district of Puente Piedra. According to the Unsatisfied Basic Needs method (NBI), 43.1% adolescents live in poverty, 31.9% in extreme poverty and 25% could be included in a low socioeconomic level. Two instruments were used, the Coping Across Situations Questionnaire review (CASQ-R) and the Family Envioronment Scale (FES). Only a low significant relationship was found between the Cohesion sub dimension of the family climate scale with the Approach coping in the problem situations with their Parents and with Themselves. Also, Avoidant coping correlated with the Cohesion sub dimension in the problem situation with Teachers. In addition, results showed that adolescents make greater use of Approach coping, in which there are significant differences regarding the level of education and family structure. Finally, differences according to gender and socioeconomic level in the Conflict sub dimension were found.
This research aimed to study the relationship between the Family Climate and Coping in adolescents of low socioeconomic level of metropolitan Lima. To this end, 116 adolescents were evaluated, 43 men (37.1%) and 73 women (62.9%), between 13 and 18 years old (M = 15.41, SD = .942), who study in third (17.2%), fourth (34.5%) and fifth (48.3%) high school year at a state school located in Laderas de Chillón, a slum in the district of Puente Piedra. According to the Unsatisfied Basic Needs method (NBI), 43.1% adolescents live in poverty, 31.9% in extreme poverty and 25% could be included in a low socioeconomic level. Two instruments were used, the Coping Across Situations Questionnaire review (CASQ-R) and the Family Envioronment Scale (FES). Only a low significant relationship was found between the Cohesion sub dimension of the family climate scale with the Approach coping in the problem situations with their Parents and with Themselves. Also, Avoidant coping correlated with the Cohesion sub dimension in the problem situation with Teachers. In addition, results showed that adolescents make greater use of Approach coping, in which there are significant differences regarding the level of education and family structure. Finally, differences according to gender and socioeconomic level in the Conflict sub dimension were found.
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Adaptación (Psicología), Psicología del adolescente, Pobreza
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