Extractivismo y conflictos por la tierra: la búsqueda de justicia en contextos de desigualdad
Date
2024-01-19
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
Los conflictos por la tierra y el territorio en la Amazonía peruana, especialmente en el
marco de actividades extractivas, se han consolidado como uno de los retos más
relevantes y urgentes para el Estado peruano en las últimas décadas, debido a los impactos
que continúan teniendo en lo social, político y ambiental. Ante la frecuente incapacidad
de los organismos gubernamentales competentes de brindar soluciones adecuadas, las
comunidades y organizaciones indígenas vienen adoptando, cada vez más, diversas
estrategias para obtener soluciones a sus demandas a través de la vía judicial. En este
contexto, a través de un estudio comparado a nivel subnacional, este trabajo analiza dos
casos emblemáticos de lucha por la defensa del territorio ancestral mediante la
conformación de coaliciones entre comunidades indígenas y ONG, a fin de identificar
qué factores pueden resultar más relevantes para explicar el éxito o fracaso de estos
procesos de lucha. El análisis de los dos casos emblemáticos revela la particular
importancia que tuvo el funcionamiento interno de las coaliciones de sociedad civil -
especialmente todo lo relacionado a los liderazgos que dirigieron la lucha y a la cohesión
interna que se logró forjar a lo largo del proceso- y, en menor medida, la ejecución de la
estrategia de incidencia mediática que complementó las acciones por la vía judicial y
política.
Conflicts over land and territory in the Peruvian Amazon, especially in the context of extractive activities, have been consolidated as one of the most relevant and urgent challenges for the Peruvian State in recent decades, due to continuing social, political and environmental impacts. Given the frequent inability of the government agencies to provide adequate solutions, indigenous communities and organizations are increasingly adopting various strategies to obtain solutions to their demands through the courts. In this context, through a comparative study at the subnational level, this paper analyzes two emblematic cases of the fight for the defense of ancestral territory through the formation of coalitions between indigenous communities and NGOs, in order to identify which factors may be most relevant to explain the success or failure of these struggle processes. The analysis of the two emblematic cases reveals the particular importance of the internal functioning of civil society coalitions - especially the actions related to the leaders who led the struggle and the internal cohesion that was forged throughout the process - and, to a lesser extent, the media advocacy strategy that accompanied the actions through judicial and political channels.
Conflicts over land and territory in the Peruvian Amazon, especially in the context of extractive activities, have been consolidated as one of the most relevant and urgent challenges for the Peruvian State in recent decades, due to continuing social, political and environmental impacts. Given the frequent inability of the government agencies to provide adequate solutions, indigenous communities and organizations are increasingly adopting various strategies to obtain solutions to their demands through the courts. In this context, through a comparative study at the subnational level, this paper analyzes two emblematic cases of the fight for the defense of ancestral territory through the formation of coalitions between indigenous communities and NGOs, in order to identify which factors may be most relevant to explain the success or failure of these struggle processes. The analysis of the two emblematic cases reveals the particular importance of the internal functioning of civil society coalitions - especially the actions related to the leaders who led the struggle and the internal cohesion that was forged throughout the process - and, to a lesser extent, the media advocacy strategy that accompanied the actions through judicial and political channels.
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Keywords
Industria minera--Perú--Amazonía, Región, Pueblos indígenas--Relaciones gubernamentales--Perú--Amazonía, Región, Conflicto social--Perú--Amazonía, Región, Tenencia de la tierra--Perú--Amazonía, Región
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