La red de intercambio para el acceso al agua, alrededor del Proyecto Minero Cerro Verde en la Sub Cuenca del Río Chili en Arequipa, Perú
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2021-12-25
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
La tesis de maestría se enmarca en los estudios sobre los conflictos sociales en los casos
de gran minería y disputa por el acceso al agua, y busca explorar desde un marco de
análisis de la movilización de recursos, clientelismo político y análisis de redes cómo se
resuelven las dinámicas contenciosas entre el actor minero y los actores urbanos y
agrarios en un contexto climático desértico y de una cuenca agotada. Para ello se hizo una
investigación cualitativa de un estudio de caso reconocido a nivel internacional como
modelo de buena minería y de ausencia de conflicto: el segundo proyecto cuprífero más
grande del Perú y el octavo a nivel internacional, ubicado a sólo 9.5 km del poblado más
cercano de Congata y a 30 Km del centro de la ciudad de Arequipa, Cerro Verde. Lo que
se encuentra es el rol crucial que adquiere la compañía en la construcción de proyectos
de infraestructura hídrica en la sub cuenca del Chili, estableciendo relaciones de
intercambio por la desmovilización frente al proyecto minero, así como establece
relaciones de intercambio con instituciones locales del agua como la Autoridad Nacional
del Agua y la Empresa Prestadora de Servicios de Saneamiento SEDAPAR para ampliar
su nivel volumétrico del agua a cambio de la construcción de infraestructura de agua.
Estos vínculos permiten la configuración de una red de intercambio que le permite
acceder al agua que requiere para los dos proyectos de ampliación y suplir las demandas
de acceso a agua postergadas de actores urbanos como agrarios mediante la inversión en
infraestructura de agua. Lo que esta investigación devela son los factores que influyen
en el establecimiento de una red de relaciones de intercambio que sustenta la ausencia de
conflicto, así como la producción de nuevas desigualdades en el acceso al agua y de poder
en la sub cuenca del Chili, discutiendo los marcos para el análisis de los conflictos
sociales por el agua.
The master's thesis is framed within the studies on social conflicts in the cases of largescale mining and disputes over access to water, and seeks to explore from a framework of analysis of resource mobilization, political clientelism and network analysis how the contentious dynamics between the mining actor and the urban and agrarian actors are resolved in a desert climate context and a depleted watershed. For this purpose, qualitative research was conducted on a case study recognized internationally as a model of good mining and absence of conflict: the second largest copper project in Peru and the eighth largest internationally, located only 9.5 km from the nearest town of Congata and 30 km from the center of the city of Arequipa, Cerro Verde. What is found is the crucial role acquired by the company in the construction of water infrastructure projects in the Chili sub-basin, establishing exchange relationships for the demobilization against the mining project, as well as establishing exchange relationships with local water institutions such as the National Water Authority and the Empresa Prestadora de Servicios de Saneamiento SEDAPAR to expand its water volume level in exchange for the construction of water infrastructure. These links allow the configuration of an exchange network that allows it to access the water required for the two expansion projects and to meet the postponed water access demands of urban and agrarian actors through investment in water infrastructure. What this research reveals are the factors that influence the establishment of a network of exchange relationships that sustains the absence of conflict, as well as the production of new inequalities in access to water and power in the Chili sub-basin, discussing the frameworks for the analysis of social conflicts over water.
The master's thesis is framed within the studies on social conflicts in the cases of largescale mining and disputes over access to water, and seeks to explore from a framework of analysis of resource mobilization, political clientelism and network analysis how the contentious dynamics between the mining actor and the urban and agrarian actors are resolved in a desert climate context and a depleted watershed. For this purpose, qualitative research was conducted on a case study recognized internationally as a model of good mining and absence of conflict: the second largest copper project in Peru and the eighth largest internationally, located only 9.5 km from the nearest town of Congata and 30 km from the center of the city of Arequipa, Cerro Verde. What is found is the crucial role acquired by the company in the construction of water infrastructure projects in the Chili sub-basin, establishing exchange relationships for the demobilization against the mining project, as well as establishing exchange relationships with local water institutions such as the National Water Authority and the Empresa Prestadora de Servicios de Saneamiento SEDAPAR to expand its water volume level in exchange for the construction of water infrastructure. These links allow the configuration of an exchange network that allows it to access the water required for the two expansion projects and to meet the postponed water access demands of urban and agrarian actors through investment in water infrastructure. What this research reveals are the factors that influence the establishment of a network of exchange relationships that sustains the absence of conflict, as well as the production of new inequalities in access to water and power in the Chili sub-basin, discussing the frameworks for the analysis of social conflicts over water.
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Agua--Perú--Arequipa, Región, Industria minera--Perú--Arequipa, Región, Conflictos sociales--Perú
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