Atribuciones, autoeficiencia y rendimiento académico en matemáticas en una muestra de estudiantes de secundaria de Lima
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2017-02-07
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
El presente estudio analiza la relación entre las atribuciones causales de éxito y fracaso académico,
la autoeficacia y el autorreporte del rendimiento académico en el curso de matemáticas en alumnos
pertenecientes a una institución educativa privada de Lima Metropolitana. La muestra estuvo
conformada por 198 estudiantes de sexto, séptimo y octavo grado del nivel secundario, los cuales
respondieron a la Escala de Atribuciones Causales de Éxito y Fracaso Académico y a la Escala de
Fuentes de Autoeficacia en matemáticas. Se encontraron evidencias de validez y confiabilidad de
estos instrumentos. Además, se hicieron análisis de correlación y regresiones lineales jerárquicas.
Así, se realizaron cinco análisis de regresiones lineales jerárquicas para predecir el rendimiento
académico (autorreporte). En todos los casos, en el primer paso se controlaron las variables de sexo,
edad, grado y presencia de dificultades en matemáticas. El primer análisis incluyó en el segundo
paso, las variables de autoeficacia. El segundo y tercer análisis incluyeron en el segundo paso, las
variables de atribuciones causales de éxito y de fracaso, respectivamente. En el cuarto análisis, en el
segundo paso, se incluyeron los predictores significativos de las atribuciones causales de éxito y
fracaso que salieron como resultados en el segundo y tercer análisis. El quinto análisis, incluyó en el
segundo paso, las variables de autoeficacia y de atribuciones causales de éxito y fracaso que
resultaron significativas. Los resultados de este quinto y último paso, indicaron que las mujeres
tenían mayor rendimiento académico que los hombres y que a mayor el grado de estudios, menor
fue el rendimiento académico de los alumnos. Además, las experiencias de dominio (β = .47, p <
.001) y la persuasión social (β = .32, p < .001) fueron predictores positivos y significativos del
rendimiento académico, mientras que las experiencias vicarias (β = -.15, p < .01), resultaron ser un
predictor negativo y significativo del rendimiento académico en matemáticas.
The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between causal attributions of success and failure in academic context, mathematics self-efficacy and self-report of academic achievement in mathematics in students from a private school in Lima. The sample comprised 198 students who were in the sixth, seventh and eighth grade from high school who responded to a Scale of Causal Attributions of Success and Failure in Academic Context and to a Scale of Sources of Self-efficacy in mathematics. Evidence of validity and reliability of these instruments were found. In addition, correlation analysis and hierarchical linear regressions were made. Thus five hierarchical linear regression analyzes were performed to predict academic performance (self-report). In all cases, the first step included the variables of sex, age, grade and presence of difficulties in mathematics. The first analysis included in its second step, self-efficacy variables. The second and third analysis included in its second step, the variables of causal attributions of success and failure, respectively. In the fourth analysis, in its second step, significant predictors of causal attributions of success and failure that came as a result in the second and third analysis were included. The fifth analysis included in its second step, the variables of self-efficacy and causal attributions of success and failure that were significant. The results of the final analysis, indicated that women had higher academic achievement than men in mathematics and that the higher the level of education, the lower the academic performance of students on this signature. In addition, experience domain (β = .47, p <.001) and social persuasion (β = .32, p <.001) were positive and significant predictors of academic performance, while vicarious experiences (β = - .15, p <.01), proved to be a significant negative predictor of academic performance in mathematics.
The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between causal attributions of success and failure in academic context, mathematics self-efficacy and self-report of academic achievement in mathematics in students from a private school in Lima. The sample comprised 198 students who were in the sixth, seventh and eighth grade from high school who responded to a Scale of Causal Attributions of Success and Failure in Academic Context and to a Scale of Sources of Self-efficacy in mathematics. Evidence of validity and reliability of these instruments were found. In addition, correlation analysis and hierarchical linear regressions were made. Thus five hierarchical linear regression analyzes were performed to predict academic performance (self-report). In all cases, the first step included the variables of sex, age, grade and presence of difficulties in mathematics. The first analysis included in its second step, self-efficacy variables. The second and third analysis included in its second step, the variables of causal attributions of success and failure, respectively. In the fourth analysis, in its second step, significant predictors of causal attributions of success and failure that came as a result in the second and third analysis were included. The fifth analysis included in its second step, the variables of self-efficacy and causal attributions of success and failure that were significant. The results of the final analysis, indicated that women had higher academic achievement than men in mathematics and that the higher the level of education, the lower the academic performance of students on this signature. In addition, experience domain (β = .47, p <.001) and social persuasion (β = .32, p <.001) were positive and significant predictors of academic performance, while vicarious experiences (β = - .15, p <.01), proved to be a significant negative predictor of academic performance in mathematics.
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Autoeficacia., Matemáticas--Estudio y enseñanza (Secundaria)., Rendimiento académico., Educación secundaria--Investigaciones.
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