Participación estudiantil en la gestión escolar, promovida por espacios institucionales. Caso: Municipio Escolar
Date
2020-07-01
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
La participación infantil trasciende los salones de clases y aborda todas las dimensiones
de la escuela. Sin embargo, son pocos los espacios institucionales que permiten a los
estudiantes generar mejoras significativas en su formación. Por ello, es necesario
evidenciar los espacios institucionales que fomenten la participación infantil en la escuela.
En este sentido, el presente estudio explica la importancia de la participación de los
estudiantes de primaria en la gestión escolar de una institución educativa pública de Lima,
promovida por espacios institucionales, caso: Municipio Escolar. La metodología de la
investigación es de carácter cualitativo, en nivel descriptivo y bajo un enfoque
fenomenológico; por ello utiliza el estudio de caso, para un análisis con mayor
profundidad. La fundamentación teórica se sustenta en la propuesta de participación
infantil de Roger Hart, también conocida como la escalera de la participación y, el
Municipio Escolar, como un espacio formal de participación adoptado en las escuelas
peruanas. Asimismo, se propone el diseño de instrumentos que analicen el caso
planteado de manera integral, como las entrevistas, guías de observación y focus group,
aplicados bajo protocolos éticos. Los resultados evidencian la coexistencia de varios
niveles de auténtica participación reconocidos por los estudiantes, es decir una relación
coherente entre la verdadera participación y la propuesta formadora que ofrece el
Municipio Escolar. En conclusión, se demuestra que la participación en espacios poco
usuales para los estudiantes, como los municipios escolares, genera beneficios directos a
la escuela y al estudiantado, desarrollando más capacidades de expresión, identidad y
empatía.
Child participation transcends classrooms and addresses all dimensions of the school. However, there are few institutional spaces that allow to generate significant improvements in the education of students. Therefore, it is necessary to demonstrate the institutional spaces that promote children's participation in school. This study explains the importance of the participation of elementary students in the school management of a public educational institution in Lima, promoted by institutional spaces, case: School Municipality. The research methodology is qualitative, descriptive and under a phenomenological focus; for that reason, the case study is used for a deeper analysis. The theoretical framework is based on Roger Hart's children's participation proposal, known as "the participation ladder" and, the School Municipality, as a formal participation space adopted in peruvian schools. Furthermore, the design of instruments is proposed to analyze the case in an integral way, like interviews, observation guides and focus groups, applied under ethical protocols. The results show the coexistence of several levels of authentic participation recognized by the students, in other words, there is a coherent relationship between true participation and the education proposal offered by the School Municipality. In conclusion, it is evident that participation in unusual spaces for students, such as school municipalities, produces direct benefits to the school and students, developing more their expression, identity and empathy.
Child participation transcends classrooms and addresses all dimensions of the school. However, there are few institutional spaces that allow to generate significant improvements in the education of students. Therefore, it is necessary to demonstrate the institutional spaces that promote children's participation in school. This study explains the importance of the participation of elementary students in the school management of a public educational institution in Lima, promoted by institutional spaces, case: School Municipality. The research methodology is qualitative, descriptive and under a phenomenological focus; for that reason, the case study is used for a deeper analysis. The theoretical framework is based on Roger Hart's children's participation proposal, known as "the participation ladder" and, the School Municipality, as a formal participation space adopted in peruvian schools. Furthermore, the design of instruments is proposed to analyze the case in an integral way, like interviews, observation guides and focus groups, applied under ethical protocols. The results show the coexistence of several levels of authentic participation recognized by the students, in other words, there is a coherent relationship between true participation and the education proposal offered by the School Municipality. In conclusion, it is evident that participation in unusual spaces for students, such as school municipalities, produces direct benefits to the school and students, developing more their expression, identity and empathy.
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Keywords
Actividades estudiantiles, Gobiernos estudiantiles, Educación ciudadana, Gestión educativa, Escuela activa
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