Monitoreos hídricos comunitarios y desigualdades de conocimiento en contextos de minería a gran escala: el caso del proyecto minero Tintaya-Antapaccay
Date
2023-11-06
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
En la presente investigación se analiza los monitoreos participativos y los monitoreos
comunitarios surgidos con relación al proyecto minero Tintaya-Antapaccay en la provincia de
Espinar, Cusco. Para ello, se hace uso de la metodología cualitativa. Por un lado, se analiza los
monitoreos participativos ejecutados por la Empresa minera y por instituciones del Estado
como el OEFA y la ANA. En este tipo de monitoreos destaca la desigualdad en el
conocimiento, en tanto se privilegia el conocimiento técnico y se silencia el conocimiento no
técnico. Asimismo, resalta la desigualdad en el nivel de participación de los actores
involucrados. Mientras el Estado o la empresa minera dirigen los monitoreos, la participación
de la sociedad civil es a un mínimo nivel, de asistentes u observadores del monitoreo.
Por otro lado, se analiza los monitoreos comunitarios como una iniciativa de ciencia
ciudadana, planteada por la sociedad civil, en este caso de la Asociación de Vigilantes y
Monitores de Espinar (AVMAE), que aglomera comunidades campesinas, organizaciones
sociales de la provincia, entre otros. Este tipo de monitoreos comunitarios logra superar
desigualdades planteadas en los monitores participativos del Estado y empresa. En los
monitoreos comunitarios la sociedad civil, poseedora del conocimiento no técnico, se apropia
del conocimiento técnico, integrando así ambos tipos de conocimiento. Asimismo, la sociedad
civil juega un rol protagónico, su participación es de mayor nivel, ya que dirige el monitoreo.
En este sentido, los monitoreos comunitarios superan desigualdades planteadas en los
monitoreos participativos.
This research analyzes the participatory monitoring and community monitoring that have arisen in relation to the Tintaya-Antapaccay mining project in the province of Espinar, Cusco. For this purpose, a qualitative methodology is used. On the one hand, we analyze the participatory monitoring carried out by the mining company and by state institutions such as OEFA and ANA. In this type of monitoring, inequality in knowledge stands out, as technical knowledge is privileged and non-technical knowledge is silenced. It also highlights the inequality in the level of participation of the actors involved. While the State or the mining company directs the monitoring, the participation of civil society is at a minimum level, as assistants or observers of the monitoring. On the other hand, community monitoring is analyzed as a citizen science initiative, proposed by civil society, in this case the Association of Watchmen and Monitors of Espinar (AVMAE), which brings together peasant communities, social organizations of the province, among others. This type of community monitoring overcomes the inequalities that arise in participatory monitoring by the State and the company. In community monitoring, civil society, which possesses non-technical knowledge, appropriates technical knowledge, thus integrating both types of knowledge. Likewise, civil society plays a leading role, its participation is at a higher level, since it directs the monitoring. In this sense, community monitoring overcomes the inequalities found in participatory monitoring.
This research analyzes the participatory monitoring and community monitoring that have arisen in relation to the Tintaya-Antapaccay mining project in the province of Espinar, Cusco. For this purpose, a qualitative methodology is used. On the one hand, we analyze the participatory monitoring carried out by the mining company and by state institutions such as OEFA and ANA. In this type of monitoring, inequality in knowledge stands out, as technical knowledge is privileged and non-technical knowledge is silenced. It also highlights the inequality in the level of participation of the actors involved. While the State or the mining company directs the monitoring, the participation of civil society is at a minimum level, as assistants or observers of the monitoring. On the other hand, community monitoring is analyzed as a citizen science initiative, proposed by civil society, in this case the Association of Watchmen and Monitors of Espinar (AVMAE), which brings together peasant communities, social organizations of the province, among others. This type of community monitoring overcomes the inequalities that arise in participatory monitoring by the State and the company. In community monitoring, civil society, which possesses non-technical knowledge, appropriates technical knowledge, thus integrating both types of knowledge. Likewise, civil society plays a leading role, its participation is at a higher level, since it directs the monitoring. In this sense, community monitoring overcomes the inequalities found in participatory monitoring.
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Keywords
Industria minera--Perú--Espinar (Cuzco : Provincia), Monitores ambientales--Participación ciudadana, Recursos hidrológicos--Perú, Organismo de Evaluación y Fiscalización Ambiental (Perú)
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