Relación entre el estilo motivacional docente, las necesidades psicológicas básicas, el rendimiento y la evitación de búsqueda de ayuda en universitarios de ingeniería
Date
2019-08-19
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
La Teoría de la Autodeterminación está orientada a estudiar el bienestar y la motivación
de las personas a través de la satisfacción o frustración de las necesidades psicológicas
básicas (NPB, de autonomía, competencia y relación). Esta investigación tuvo como
objetivo estudiar la relación entre el estilo motivacional docente (de apoyo a la autonomía
o controlador), la satisfacción o frustración de las NPB de los estudiantes, la evitación de
búsqueda de ayuda y el rendimiento académico en alumnos de una carrera de Ingeniería
de una universidad privada de Lima. En esta investigación participaron 220 alumnos
(41.8% mujeres, N = 92; 58.2% hombres, N = 128) que se encontraban entre sexto y
décimo ciclo y cuyas edades están entre los 17 y 29 años. Los instrumentos utilizados
mostraron buenas evidencias de confiabilidad y validez. Como análisis preliminares se
hicieron análisis descriptivos y correlaciones bivariadas. El modelo de estudio fue
analizado a través de un análisis de senderos. Los resultados indicaron que el estilo de
apoyo a la autonomía del docente (de acuerdo con la percepción de los estudiantes)
predice significativa y positivamente la satisfacción de las NPB y el rendimiento
académico. Por otro lado, el estilo de apoyo a la autonomía es un predictor negativo de la
evitación de búsqueda de ayuda. El estilo controlador del docente (percibido por el
estudiante) predice significativa y positivamente la frustración de las NPB y esta, a su
vez, la evitación de búsqueda de ayuda, siendo una variable mediadora entre ambas. Se
discuten los resultados bajo los supuestos teóricos y las investigaciones realizadas y,
finalmente, se presentan las limitaciones identificadas en esta investigación.
The Self-Determination Theory is a macro theory that studies well-being and the motivation of the people through the satisfaction or frustration of their basic psychological needs (BPN). The aim of this research was to study the relation between the teacher´s motivational style (autonomy support or controlling), the students’ satisfaction or frustration of the BPN, the avoidance of help seeking and the academic achievement in Engineering students from a private university of Lima. The sample consisted of 220 students (41.8% women, N = 92, 58.2% men, N = 128) who were between sixth and tenth course of the career and whose age range is between 17 and 29 years-old. The instruments used in this study, obtained good evidence of reliability and validity in the sample. Descriptive analyses and bivariate correlations were performed as preliminary analysis. The predicted model was studied through a path analysis. The results indicated that teachers’ autonomy support (according to students’ perception) significantly and positively predicts the satisfaction of the BPN and the academic achievement. On the other hand, teachers’ autonomy support is a negative predictor of avoidance of help seeking. The teachers’ controlling style significantly and positively predicts the frustration of the BPN and this, in turn, the avoidance of help seeking, being a mediating variable between the two of them. The results are discussed in relation to the theoretical assumptions and the investigations carried out and the limitations identified in this investigation.
The Self-Determination Theory is a macro theory that studies well-being and the motivation of the people through the satisfaction or frustration of their basic psychological needs (BPN). The aim of this research was to study the relation between the teacher´s motivational style (autonomy support or controlling), the students’ satisfaction or frustration of the BPN, the avoidance of help seeking and the academic achievement in Engineering students from a private university of Lima. The sample consisted of 220 students (41.8% women, N = 92, 58.2% men, N = 128) who were between sixth and tenth course of the career and whose age range is between 17 and 29 years-old. The instruments used in this study, obtained good evidence of reliability and validity in the sample. Descriptive analyses and bivariate correlations were performed as preliminary analysis. The predicted model was studied through a path analysis. The results indicated that teachers’ autonomy support (according to students’ perception) significantly and positively predicts the satisfaction of the BPN and the academic achievement. On the other hand, teachers’ autonomy support is a negative predictor of avoidance of help seeking. The teachers’ controlling style significantly and positively predicts the frustration of the BPN and this, in turn, the avoidance of help seeking, being a mediating variable between the two of them. The results are discussed in relation to the theoretical assumptions and the investigations carried out and the limitations identified in this investigation.
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Keywords
Motivación (Educación), Autonomía (Psicología), Profesores universitarios--Investigaciones, Estudiantes universitarios--Investigaciones
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