Explorando la Desviación del Alcance en Proyectos de Sistema de Control Distribuido en Empresas Industriales Peruanas
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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Resumen
La presente tesis tiene como objetivo analizar el proceso de desviación del alcance en proyectos
de implementación de Sistemas de Control Distribuido (DCS) en el Perú. La investigación se
justifica por la creciente adopción de estas tecnologías en sectores industriales críticos y la
necesidad de comprender por qué estos proyectos, a pesar de su relevancia, suelen
experimentar ampliaciones no planificadas del alcance.
Se empleó una metodología cualitativa basada en el estudio de casos múltiples, en la que se
analizaron cuatro proyectos reales con desviaciones documentadas. Las entrevistas
semiestructuradas a jefes de proyectos y especialistas permitieron identificar patrones comunes
en los factores que originan estas desviaciones. El análisis de datos se realizó utilizando
codificación deductiva e inductiva mediante el software Dedoose.
Los principales hallazgos revelan que las desviaciones del alcance están relacionadas con: (1)
escasa participación de la alta dirección, (2) imprecisión en las especificaciones técnicas iniciales,
(3) fallas en la comunicación interna entre los actores del proyecto, y (4) bajo nivel de
familiaridad tecnológica con sistemas DCS por parte del personal directivo o técnico. Estos
factores se ven agravados por el contexto organizacional y la limitada cultura de gestión de
proyectos tecnológicos en empresas peruanas.
Finalmente, se propone un conjunto de acciones orientadas a mejorar la gobernanza de estos
proyectos, destacando la necesidad de involucrar a todos los niveles de la organización y
fortalecer las competencias técnicas internas.
This thesis aims to analyze the process of scope deviation in Distributed Control System (DCS) implementation projects in Peru. The research is motivated by the increasing adoption of automation technologies in critical industrial sectors and the frequent occurrence of unplanned scope expansions that impact time, cost, and project outcomes. A qualitative research approach was adopted, using a multiple case study methodology. Four DCS implementation projects with documented scope deviations were analyzed. Data collection was conducted through semi-structured interviews with project managers and technical experts. Data were processed using deductive and inductive coding strategies via Dedoose software. The findings reveal that scope deviations are primarily caused by four interrelated factors: (1) limited involvement of senior management, (2) lack of precision in initial technical specifications, (3) deficiencies in internal communication among project stakeholders, and (4) insufficient familiarity with DCS technologies among decision-makers. These factors are further exacerbated by organizational structures and the limited project management culture in traditional Peruvian industries. The thesis concludes by proposing a set of managerial and technical recommendations to mitigate scope deviation. These include increasing strategic involvement of upper management, improving the definition and validation of project requirements, strengthening internal communication protocols, and enhancing technical competencies within organizations involved in DCS projects.
This thesis aims to analyze the process of scope deviation in Distributed Control System (DCS) implementation projects in Peru. The research is motivated by the increasing adoption of automation technologies in critical industrial sectors and the frequent occurrence of unplanned scope expansions that impact time, cost, and project outcomes. A qualitative research approach was adopted, using a multiple case study methodology. Four DCS implementation projects with documented scope deviations were analyzed. Data collection was conducted through semi-structured interviews with project managers and technical experts. Data were processed using deductive and inductive coding strategies via Dedoose software. The findings reveal that scope deviations are primarily caused by four interrelated factors: (1) limited involvement of senior management, (2) lack of precision in initial technical specifications, (3) deficiencies in internal communication among project stakeholders, and (4) insufficient familiarity with DCS technologies among decision-makers. These factors are further exacerbated by organizational structures and the limited project management culture in traditional Peruvian industries. The thesis concludes by proposing a set of managerial and technical recommendations to mitigate scope deviation. These include increasing strategic involvement of upper management, improving the definition and validation of project requirements, strengthening internal communication protocols, and enhancing technical competencies within organizations involved in DCS projects.
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Control automático, Administración de proyectos industriales, Industria--Automatización
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